Evolutionary and recombination analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome isolates in China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Evolutionary and recombination analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome isolates in China Zhendong Zhang1 · Xiangyang Qu2 · Hongliang Zhang3 · Xudong Tang1 · Ting Bian1 · Yingjun Sun2 · Mingming Zhou2 · Fubo Ren2 · Ping Wu1 Received: 25 December 2019 / Accepted: 10 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Seven strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were isolated from 2014 to 2017 in the Shandong province of China and their genomes were sequenced and analyzed. Results showed that all seven of the isolates belong to PRRSV 2, and are clustered into four lineages (lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8) based on comparisons of the ORF5 gene. Comparative analysis of genomes and specific amino acid sites revealed that three of the strains (SDwh1402, SDwh1602 and SDwh1701) have evolved directly from modified live virus (MLV) JXA1-P80, TJM-F92 and IngelvacPRRS. Further recombination analysis revealed that two of the strains (SDyt1401 and SDwh1601) were the result of a recombination event between MLVs JXA1-P80 and NADC30 while two other strains (SDwh1403 and SDqd1501) were the result of recombination between MLVs IngelvacPRRS and NADC30 and HP-PRRSV and QYYZ, respectively. Our results add to the data on MLV evolution and PRRSV recombination and provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of PRRSV in China. Keywords Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) · Modified-live virus (MLV) · Evolution · Recombination
Introduction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA virus, which is classified into PRRSV 1 and PRRSV 2 based on the nucleotide identity (approximately 60%). More than Edited by William Dundon. Zhendong Zhang and Xiangyang Qu have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01751-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ping Wu [email protected] 1
School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
2
TECH-BANK CO., LTD, Shanghai 200233, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
30 years have passed since the first outbreak of PRRS in North American and Europe in the late 1980s [1, 2], while the disease is not still controlled effectively, resulting in immeasurable economic losses for the swine production globally. PRRSV is characterized by broad variation and rapid evolution. Especially in China, it has experienced extensive evolution since it was first recognized in the middle of 1990s [3]. In 2006, a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) originated from CH-1a-like virus emerged with high fever, high morbidity and high mortality, becoming the dominant virus in the following years [4–6]. In 2014, the NADC30like strain with 131-a
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