Experimental Modal Analysis of Tumorigenesis and Cancer Metastasis
Traditionally, performing an experimental modal analysis of a building/structure required instrumenting the structure with a spatially distributed array of accelerometers or strain gages. Alternatively, a laser doppler vibrometer would have to be scanned
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Experimental Modal Analysis of Tumorigenesis and Cancer Metastasis Bridget Martinez, Yongchao Yang, Charles Farrar, Harshini Mukundan, Pulak Nath, and David Mascareñas
Abstract Traditionally, performing an experimental modal analysis of a building/structure required instrumenting the structure with a spatially distributed array of accelerometers or strain gages. Alternatively, a laser doppler vibrometer would have to be scanned across the structure of interest in a sequential manner to measure structural response. Recently, researchers at LANL developed a technology that combines the theory of structural dynamics with computer vision that provides the capability to characterize structural dynamics at very high spatial density using only an imager. With this newfound success at the macro-scale, we have exploited this novel technology to a whole new scale- to studying the basic structure of life itself, the human cell. We hypothesize that this new technology and novel application will provide a significantly better understanding of how stiffness and mass distribution changes in a cell as it undergoes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and in identifying its associated EMC biochemical cues, highlight potential therapeutic targets. For the first time it should be possible to measure the high-resolution mode shapes of cells; given that all cells undergoing cancer metastasis experience a breakdown in the cytoskeleton, this work will enable groundbreaking advances in various fields including medicine and structural dynamics. It is imperative to highlight, that we are only beginning to understand the relationship between biophysical properties of cells and their potential to regulate tumorigenesis and motility, which is commonly known as metastasis. This knowledge could be used to provide verification and validation of finite element models of cellular structure. This work will represent the first time that expertise in experimental structural dynamics will be brought to bear on the problem of characterizing the structural dynamics of cells at high spatial resolution, which is novel and unique on its own. When successful, this new technology could be used to couple the biophysical cues associated with other detrimental human pathologies. Keywords Cancer · Mode shapes · Microscopy · Finite element models · Tumorigenesis
11.1 Introduction Mechanoreciprocity refers to a cell’s ability to maintain tensional homeostasis in response to various types of forces. Physical forces are continually being exerted upon cells of various tissue types, even those considered static tissues, such as the brain. Through mechanoreceptors, cells sense and subsequently respond to these stimuli. These forces and their respective cellular responses are prevalent in regulating everything from embryogenic tissue-specific differentiation, programmed cell death, and in what has garnered the most attention, disease progression. Abnormal mechanical remodeling of cells can provide clues as to the pathological status of many tissues. This becomes particul
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