Exploring the Secrets of the Aurora Second Edition
This new edition of Exploring the Secrets of the Aurora is based on the author's own experiences as a scientist. It describes the history of progress made in auroral science and magnetospheric physics by providing examples of ideas, controversies, struggl
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 346 EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected])
MEMBERS F. Bertola, University of Padua, Italy; J.P. Cassinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; C.J. Cesarsky, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany; P. Ehrenfreund, Leiden University, The Netherlands; O. Engvold, University of Oslo, Norway; A. Heck, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France; E.P.J. van den Heuvel, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; V.M. Kaspi, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; J.M.E. Kuijpers, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands; H. van der Laan, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands; P.G. Murdin, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK; F. Pacini, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy; V. Radhakrishnan, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India; B.V. Somov, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia; R.A. Sunyaev, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
EXPLORING THE SECRETS OF THE AURORA Second Edition
SYUN-ICHI AKASOFU International Arctic Research Center, USA
Syun-Ichi Akasofu Director International Arctic Research Center PO Box 757340 930 Koyukuk Drive Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA [email protected]
Cover illustration: Credit: Jan Curtis Library of Congress Control Number: 2006932468
ISBN-10: 0-387-45094-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-387-45094-0
e-ISBN-10: 0-387-45097-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-45097-1
Printed on acid-free paper. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC © First Edition, 2002, Springer Netherlands All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 987654321 springer.com
Preface to the Second Edition
In the first edition, I described the evolution of magnetospheric physics from my own personal point of view (I used the word “evolution” rather than “development” because, unlike development, evolution can go right or wrong). However, I was not interested in simply relating a history of magnetospheric physics. I wanted to emphasize the fact that we still have many long-standing, unsolved problems from the early days and to suggest that there is a possibility that the present paradigm may not be headed in the right direction. We have to recognize that several fundamental problems remain; what is needed is
