Fabrication, characterization, dielectric properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy and transport behavior of chlo
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Fabrication, characterization, dielectric properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy and transport behavior of chlorinated nitrile rubber/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites A. Nihmath1 · M. T. Ramesan1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Revised: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work focused on the preparation of chlorinated nitrile rubber (Cl-NBR)/ hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposites by an open two-roll mixing mill. The formation of nanocomposites was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric properties and flame retardancy of polymer nanocomposites were analyzed with special attention to the loading of HA nanoparticles. Diffusion and permeation properties of petroleum solvents through the prepared ClNBR/HA composites were also investigated in detail as a function of filler content, different temperatures and nature of solvent. The incorporation of HA in Cl-NBR has been endorsed by FTIR analysis. The XRD showed the crystalline peaks of HA in the polymer chain. SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles were uniformed distributed in the polymer network with spherically shaped particles. TGA results indicated that the thermal stability of nanocomposites was remarkably higher than the pure Cl-NBR and the thermal stability increases with the loading of nanoparticles. The dielectric study observed a decreasing dielectric constant with increasing frequency, and the maximum property was obtained for 7 phr HA filling in Cl-NBR. The flame resistance of the polymer composites was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of nanoparticles. The diffusion, sorption and permeation constants were found to decreased with increase in HA content. The solvent uptake decreases with the size of the penetrant molecules, and the mechanism of transport of Cl-NBR composite was anomalous in nature. The enthalpy and entropy changes of the nanocomposites were analyzed from the diffusion data. The composite containing 7 phr HA sample showed higher dielectric properties and better solvent resistance properties. Keywords Chlorinated NBR · Structure · Crystallinity · Flame resistance · Thermal stability · Dielectric properties · Transport properties * M. T. Ramesan [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Over the last two decades, nanocomposites open a new perspective in the field of science to upgrade the structural and functional properties of existing polymers. The inherent high surface area of nanomaterials increases their dispersion capability in the matrix which offers ample scope for the improvement in properties as compared to conventional micro- and macrocomposites [1, 2]. Many investigations are carried out for the processing of thermoplastic elastomer-based composites with enhanced performance without recourse to expensive synthetic procedur
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