First Report of HLB Causal Agent in Psyllid in State of Bahia, Brazil
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SCIENTIFIC NOTE
First Report of HLB Causal Agent in Psyllid in State of Bahia, Brazil EFM A BREU 1 , AC L OPES 2 , AM F ERNANDES 3 , SXB S ILVA 2 , CJ B ARBOSA 4 , AS N ASCIMENTO 4 , FF LARANJEIRA4, EC ANDRADE4 1
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil 3 Faculdade Maria Milza, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil 4 Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil 2
Keywords HLB, insect vector, diagnostic method, citrus culture, agricultural defense Correspondence E.F.M. Abreu, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil; emanuel.abreu@embrapa. br Edited by Denise Návia – Embrapa Received 3 May 2019 and accepted 2 May 2020 * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2020
Abstract The state of Bahia ranks fourth in the national rank for citrus production, and the region of Chapada Diamantina is emerging an important producer of orange for fresh fruit market. Huanglongbing (HLB) is the major phytosanitary threat to Bahia citriculture. In Brazil, the disease was first reported in 2004 in São Paulo state. The bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is one of the causal agents of HLB, which is transmitted by the insect vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Bahia is a HLB-free area; therefore, it is essential to monitor its citrusproducing areas to early detect any possible introduction of the CLas. This study aimed to monitor the presence of the bacteria in the insect vector. Diaphorina citri samples were collected from 2011 to 2014 in different cities located at Chapada Diamantina region and tested by qPCR for the presence of CLas. Three samples were considered positive to bacterium, and all from psyllids collected on Murraya paniculata in the city of Seabra.
The state of Bahia is the fourth largest citrus producer in Brazil, and the region of Chapada Diamantina stands as the major production area of fresh fruit in the state. Among the threats to the Bahia citrus industry, huanglongbing (HLB) is the most important. Economic studies estimate that an introduction and dissemination of HLB in Bahia could render approximately US$ 700 million in direct losses over a 20-year period (De Oliveira et al 2013). The state’s citrus-producing areas are composed of small to mid-size growers, employing different levels of pest management. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is an important pest of citrus because it transmits phloem-limited bacteria responsible for citrus greening disease (huanglongbing—HLB). There are three known bacteria causing HLB, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. americanus (CLam). CLas and CLam are reported in Brazil, although the latter is of extremely rare occurrence. CLas was first
reported in 2004 (Coletta-Filho et al 2004) and CLam in 2005 in the state of São Paulo (Teixeira et al 2005). Soon after, the disease was detected in two neighbor states, Minas Gerais (Belasque Junior et
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