Flap Survival of Skin-Sparing Mastectomy Type IV: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 75 Consecutive Cases
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE – RECONSTRUCTIVE ONCOLOGY
Flap Survival of Skin-Sparing Mastectomy Type IV: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 75 Consecutive Cases Fabio Santanelli, MD, PhD1, Benedetto Longo, MD1, Michail Sorotos, MD1, Alessio Farcomeni, PhD2, and Guido Paolini, MD, PhD1 1
Plastic Surgery Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
ABSTRACT Background. High incidence of epidermolysis and full thickness necrosis of Wise-pattern skin-sparing mastectomy (WPM) skin flaps to almost 30 % represent the Achilles’ heel of this procedure. Our purpose was to investigate potential predictors of skin flap ischemic complications (SFIC) in WPM. Methods. A total of 75 immediate prosthetic reconstructions following Wise-pattern mastectomy on 63 patients were retrospectively analyzed to assess risk factors for SFIC and their impact on aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. There were 2 clusters of hypothetic predictors investigated: patientrelated (age, body mass index, smoking, neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and procedure-related (implant weight, breast weight, curative-prophylactic procedure, axillary lymph nodes dissection). Significant predictors from univariate and mixed-effects multivariate logistic regression analyses were considered to be important selection criteria that expose the patients to higher risk of SFIC. Moreover, patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to postoperative outcome: (A) group healed uneventfully, (B) with partial thickness, and (C) with full thickness necrosis. Aesthetic evaluations scores of subgroups were analyzed and compared using a Kruskal– Wallis analysis of variance, and Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons between subgroups. Results. Smoking and weight of prosthesis [468 g showed significant association with SFIC, additionally analysis of aesthetic evaluations confirmed differences between subgroups
Ó Society of Surgical Oncology 2012 First Received: 11 September 2011; Published Online: 30 September 2012 F. Santanelli, MD, PhD e-mail: [email protected]
(p = 0.001), and multiple testing showed significance between subgroup A and C (p \ 0.05). Conclusions. Patients with clinically significant predictors are at higher risk of postoperative SFIC and consequently less satisfied of their aesthetic outcomes. The surgeon should consider alternative procedures for such patients, and prostheses heavier than 468 g should be avoided.
Skin-sparing mastectomies (SSMs) are currently indicated for in situ (stage 0) or early breast cancer (stages I and II) requiring immediate reconstruction or for severe dysplasia requiring prophylactic procedures; types I, II, and III are used on small-breasted women, while type IV, also called as Wise-pattern skin-sparing mastectomy (WPM) is used on medium-large- and ptotic-breasted women.1–6 Even though such procedures have shown to provide significant cos
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