Fluoride toxicity variably affects overall physiology and grain development in three contrasting rice genotypes, represe
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EMERGING TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND POLLUTION
Fluoride toxicity variably affects overall physiology and grain development in three contrasting rice genotypes, representing a potential biohazard Aditya Banerjee 1 & Ankur Singh 1 & Aryadeep Roychoudhury 1 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ingestion of fluoride through consumption of contaminated food grains has been regarded to be hazardous for consumer health. The current study indicated the possible occurrence of such biohazard due to fluoride bioaccumulation in rice grains and straw (cattle feed). The effects of fluoride toxicity at three stages of grain development in three rice genotypes, viz., IR-64, Gobindobhog (aromatic), and Khitish, were also studied. Irrigation with fluoride-infested water inhibited grain formation in IR-64 and reduced grain yield in Gobindobhog. Fluoride toxicity promoted seed sterility in IR-64 by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular necrosis, suppressing genes like GIF1, DEP1, and SPL14 (positively controlling seed formation) and inducing GW2 (negatively mediating grain development). Gobindobhog showed intermediate fluoride sensitivity and accumulated high levels of proline, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics due to the induction of genes like P5CS, ANS, and PAL in developing grains. The agronomic attributes in Khitish were unaffected by fluoride stress due to regulated fluoride uptake and high expression of GIF1, DEP1, and SPL14 along with an increased synthesis of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics. Khitish also accumulated low ROS as a result of which lowest lipoxygenase expression (among selected cultivars) was observed in developing grains. Fluoride entry was accelerated in the straw of Khitish, possibly due to the absence of regulated uptake mechanism in dead seedlings. Furthermore, the ecological concerns regarding fluoride bioaccumulation and reduced grain yield at the varietal level were also established, based on statistical modelling. Keywords Fluoride . Rice grain development . Reactive oxygen species . Biohazard . Varietal response . Statistical modelling
Introduction Environmental pollution due to fluoride is a rapidly growing concern, especially in the Southeast Asian countries, since fluoride acts as a potent xenobiotic (Zhou et al. 2019). Unplanned exploitation of groundwater has drastically reduced the depth of the presiding water table. As a result, water extracted from deepbored pipes is contaminated with fluorides that leach out from the mineral-bed (Banerjee and Roychoudhury 2019a). Apart from being used for drinking and other household purposes, a Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Aryadeep Roychoudhury [email protected] 1
Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016, India
large proportion of groundwater is adequately used to irrigate the agricultural fields that are e
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