Functional properties of beetroot ( Beta vulgaris ) in management of cardio-metabolic diseases
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REVIEW
Open Access
Functional properties of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) in management of cardio-metabolic diseases Parvin Mirmiran1, Zeinab Houshialsadat1, Zahra Gaeini1, Zahra Bahadoran1* and Fereidoun Azizi2
Abstract Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris), as a naturally occurring root vegetable and a rich source of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, is known for its beneficial roles in the improvement of several clinical and pathologic outcome. Chronic and acute beetroot juice supplementation, as a cost-effective strategy, is proposed to hold promises in controlling diabetes and insulin hemostasis, blood pressure and vascular function, renal health and the possible effect on microbiome abundance. The secondary outcome and physiological response of microbiome abundance modulation included the non- significant fluctuation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Also, some studies have suggested a reno-protective property of beetroot juice that is associated with the reduction of mortality rate and favorable changes in kidney’s functional parameters among patients with renal disorders. Similarly, it is shown that the persistent consumption of beetroot juice effectively postpones the postprandial glycemic response and decreases the blood glucose peak. The significant blood pressure lowering effect has been seen among normotensive subjects, which tend to be more considerable among hypertensive individuals and progressive among overweight adults. Within this context, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the therapeutic applications of beetroot juice in metabolic disorders and theirs underlying mechanisms. Despite the inconsistencies in the set of results from the reviewed studies, there is no doubt that further contributing factors must be investigated more deeply in future studies. Keywords: Beetroot, Hypertension, Diabetes, Kidney function, Nitric oxide
Introduction Beetroot, an annual or biennial cultivated form of Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris conditiva, includes a variety of edible taproots originated from the Middle East, which has been spreading worldwide, from the Americas to Europe and Asia [1, 2]. As a rich and nutritious source, it is believed to hold health-promotional characteristics, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [3], anticarcinogenic and anti-diabetic activities and hepatoprotective, hypotensive and wound healing properties [4, 5]. Therefore, beetroot is currently being applied as a functional ingredient in the development of various * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, No. 24, Sahid-Erabi St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, Tehran, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
meals [6, 7]. It is notable that most recent studies on beetroot supplementation, especially those addressing its hypotensive and ergogenic properties, emphasized the critical role of inorganic NO3 on the clinical effect of this veg
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