Functionalization of petroleum coke-based mesoporous carbon for synergistically enhanced capacitive performance
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Fazle Subhan Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Xiuli Gao, Peng Bai, and Zhen Liu School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Youhe Wang and Qingzhong Xue School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Zifeng Yan School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China (Received 24 October 2016; accepted 11 January 2017)
With increasing output of petroleum coke, the value-added exploitation of petroleum coke has become a tough problem. Preparing porous carbons is a traditional way to the value-added exploitation of petroleum coke. Here, we used a facile and efficient hard-templating strategy to synthesize mesoporous carbon with high surface area from petroleum coke. N2 adsorption analyses show that the BET specific area and pore volume of the carbons can reach up to 864 m2/g and 1.37 cm3/g, respectively. To utilize the abundant mesopores of the carbons, anthraquinone-modified mesoporous carbon was tested as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the specific capacitance reached up to 366 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, indicating a promising prospect of using this carbon in electrochemical energy-storage field. More importantly, the strategy used in this work can be easily modified to prepare other nano-carbon materials from petroleum coke.
I. INTRODUCTION
Petroleum coke (PC) is a waste by-product of delayed-coking process. Recently, with the development of crude oil refining technology, the output of petroleum coke increases steadily in China, India, the Middle East, and the North American.1 The value-added exploitation of petroleum coke has become a tough problem. It is demonstrated that petroleum coke is a good precursor of porous carbon due to its high carbon content, low ash content and volatile, and low economic cost (about $100 per ton). Preparing porous carbon from petroleum coke is one of efficient strategies to make petroleum coke value-added.2 However, petroleum coke is rich of benzene rings or aromatic domains and has dense structure, resulting in difficulties in activation.
Contributing Editor: Mauricio Terrones a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.36
Up to date, chemical activation with KOH is still a primary means 1–12 to activate petroleum coke. For example, Kawano et al.3 prepared activated carbon from petroleum coke with KOH. With the increase of activation temperature and KOH/coke weight ratio, the porosity of the resulted carbon increased. The surface area of the activated carbons can reach up to 1798 m2/g at the KOH/coke weight ratio of 5:1. Qiao et al.13 prepared activated carbon from anisotropic petroleum-based needle coke by KOH activ
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