Genetic diversity of SAD and FAD genes responsible for the fatty acid composition in flax cultivars and lines
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Genetic diversity of SAD and FAD genes responsible for the fatty acid composition in flax cultivars and lines Alexey A. Dmitriev1†, Parfait Kezimana1,2†, Tatiana A. Rozhmina1,3, Alexander A. Zhuchenko3,4, Liubov V. Povkhova1,5, Elena N. Pushkova1, Roman O. Novakovskiy1, Martin Pavelek6, Gleb N. Vladimirov7, Evgeny N. Nikolaev7, Oxana A. Kovaleva7, Yury I. Kostyukevich7, Vitaliy V. Chagovets8, Elena V. Romanova2, Anastasiya V. Snezhkina1, Anna V. Kudryavtseva1, George S. Krasnov1 and Nataliya V. Melnikova1* From Fifth International Scientific Conference “Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology” (PlantGen2019) Novosibirsk, Russia. 24-29 June 2019
Abstract Background: Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is grown for fiber and seed in many countries. Flax cultivars differ in the oil composition and, depending on the ratio of fatty acids, are used in pharmaceutical, food, or paint industries. It is known that genes of SAD (stearoyl-ACP desaturase) and FAD (fatty acid desaturase) families play a key role in the synthesis of fatty acids, and some alleles of these genes are associated with a certain composition of flax oil. However, data on genetic polymorphism of these genes are still insufficient. Results: On the basis of the collection of the Institute for Flax (Torzhok, Russia), we formed a representative set of 84 cultivars and lines reflecting the diversity of fatty acid composition of flax oil. An approach for the determination of full-length sequences of SAD1, SAD2, FAD2A, FAD2B, FAD3A, and FAD3B genes using the Illumina platform was developed and deep sequencing of the 6 genes in 84 flax samples was performed on MiSeq. The obtained high coverage (about 400x on average) enabled accurate assessment of polymorphisms in SAD1, SAD2, FAD2A, FAD2B, FAD3A, and FAD3B genes and evaluation of cultivar/line heterogeneity. The highest level of genetic diversity was observed for FAD3A and FAD3B genes – 91 and 62 polymorphisms respectively. Correlation analysis revealed associations between particular variants in SAD and FAD genes and predominantly those fatty acids whose conversion they catalyze: SAD – stearic and oleic acids, FAD2 – oleic and linoleic acids, FAD3 – linoleic and linolenic acids. All except one low-linolenic flax cultivars/lines contained both the substitution of tryptophan to stop codon in the FAD3A gene and histidine to tyrosine substitution in the FAD3B gene, while samples with only one of these polymorphisms had medium content of linolenic acid and cultivars/lines without them were high-linolenic. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Alexey A. Dmitriev and Parfait Kezimana contributed equally to this work. 1 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and
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