Geotechnical Properties and Stabilization of Well-graded Sand with Clay and Gravel Soils Contaminated with Gasoline
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Geotechnical Properties and Stabilization of Well-graded Sand with Clay and Gravel Soils Contaminated with Gasoline Edgar Quiñones-Bolaños & Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte
Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the search for alternatives to bioremediation of soils, this research aimed to analyze the effects of lime, cement, and asphalt as stabilizers on clayey gravel and sand soil contaminated with gasoline in the laboratory. Concentrations of 10–20% of lime, cement, and asphalt were added to the soil. A standard sample was chosen to compare the results obtained in the modified Proctor compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), direct shear, and consolidation tests. It was found that the presence of more than 10% liquid low–density hydrocarbon affects plasticity, void ratio, friction angle, moisture content, dry density, and cohesion. According to the tests carried out, soils contaminated with concentrations lower than 10% of gasoline are recommended to construct the subgrade and subbase layers in pavements. Finally, it was found that cement is the stabilizer that presented overall higher enhancements of the mechanical properties of the clayey gravel and sand soil among the three stabilizers. However, the results also show that depending on the soil use and specific parameter requirements, other stabilizers can be used. Keywords Soil pollution . Laboratory test results . Geotechnical properties . Soil stabilization E. Quiñones-Bolaños Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 # 48-152, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia C. Bustillo-Lecompte (*) Graduate Programs in Environmental Applied Science and Management, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction The soil matrix is considered the most complex among all construction materials due to the number of variables involved that describe its chemical, biological, physical, and mechanical properties, as well as external factors that affect those variables, including weather, applied loads, contamination, and other human interventions (Wicander and Monroe 2005; Roy and Bhalla 2017; Ghasabkolaei et al. 2017). Soil contamination is becoming one of the biggest concerns in developing countries in which Anthropic processes and industries based on hydrocarbons are expanding, with limited controls on their environmental impacts on cities and communities (Gill and Malamud 2014). Some authors have discussed the effects of soil contamination on the mechanical properties of soils using different approaches. Kermani and Ebadi (2012) presented a study in which the influence of oil contamination on the geotechnical of fine-grained was studied. Their results showed an increase in the angle of internal friction and maximum dry density while there was a decrease in cohesion, optimum water content and Atterberg limits after the contamination. Conversely, Galindo-Ortiz and Rueda (2012) took undisturbed samples of clayey soil con
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