Graphene intercalated with carbon nanosphere: a novel solid-phase extraction sorbent for five carbamate pesticides
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Graphene intercalated with carbon nanosphere: a novel solid-phase extraction sorbent for five carbamate pesticides Liying Guo 1 & Jingyu Wu 1 & Fei Xing 1 & Weihua Liu 1 & Lin Hao 1 & Chun Wang 1 & Qiuhua Wu 1
&
Zhi Wang 1
Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Graphene-carbon nanosphere composite (G@CNS) was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The G@CNS nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, surface area, and porosity analysis. The G@CNS was applied as a new sorbent for solid-phase extraction of five carbamate pesticides (tsumacide, carbaryl, isoprocarb, bassa, diethofencarb) prior to quantitative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 208 nm. Some experimental parameters including desorption conditions, sample pH, sample volume, and loading rate were studied carefully. Under the optimized condition, the method provided good linearity ranging from 0.3 to 100.0 ng mL−1 with low limits of detection of 0.10–0.20 ng mL−1 for grape juice, 0.10–0.30 ng mL−1 for blend fruit juice, and 0.10–0.20 ng mL−1 for water sample. Good method recoveries (80.2–110%) with relative standard deviations less than 7.2% and high enrichment factors (167–293) were achieved. Results demonstrated that this novel G@CNS can serve as a promising alternative sorbent for more applications. Keywords Graphene . Carbon nanospheres . Solid-phase extraction . Carbamates . High-performance liquid chromatography
Introduction The use of pesticides is a conventional agricultural practice worldwide to increase farming yield. Carbamate insecticides are water-soluble insecticides widely used in agricultural production. However, some adverse effects on human and environment are associated with their extensive use. Carbamates are toxic to the nervous system because they can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity [1]. More importantly, carbamates are suspected carcinogens and mutagens [2]. Many countries or organizations, such as The European and The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have established controls for their use and set maximum residue limits for them
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04497-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chun Wang [email protected] * Qiuhua Wu [email protected] 1
College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
(5–200 μg kg−1) [3]. Therefore, the determination of carbamate residues in foodstuffs and environmental samples at trace levels is very important for human health and environmental protection. As most of carbamates are thermally unstable, the most commonly preferred determination technique for them is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detectors like ultraviolet [4], photodiode array [5], or mass spectrometry [6]. In most instances, the carbamat
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