Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Elaeagnus angustifolia and its Application as Tartrazine Sensor
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Elaeagnus angustifolia and its Application as Tartrazine Sensor Mahnaz Ghereghlou 1 & Abbas Ali Esmaeili 1 & Majid Darroudi 2,3 Received: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This article has introduced and examined a novel and green approach for the very first time, which had been developed for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and performed through the utilization of Elaeagnus angustifolia (E. A) as a natural carbon source. This straightforward procedure has been based upon a hydrothermal treatment with a quantum yield of 16.8% that had been designed to synthesize water-soluble CDs in one step and result in a satisfying fluorescence. Additionally, we have attempted to assess the sensing system that had been exerted through the usage of CDs for the detection of food colorant tartrazine, since they can function as a fluorescent sensor due to the interplay that occurs among tartrazine and CDs leading to the quenching of their fluorescence. The detection limit has been measured to be equaled to 0.086 μM (86 nM) and the linear range has been observed to be 0.47–234 μM. The proposed highly sensitive and simple method has exhibited an excellent selectivity and proved to be effectively applicable for distinguishing the tartrazine of real samples. Keywords Green synthesis . Carbon dots (CDs) . Elaeagnus angustifolia . Tartrazine . Hydrothermal
Introduction Carbon dots (CDs), also known as carbon nanodots or carbon quantum dots, have been recently added to the family of fluorescence carbon nanoparticles. Which had been discovered through the work of Xu et al. in 2004 [1, 2]. The typical size of CDs is ranged under 10 nm and normally detected in discrete, quasi-spherical, nanocrystalline, or amorphous carbon structural shapes [2]. According to observations, CDs contain sp2/sp3 carbon and are composed of either oxygen/nitrogenbased groups or polymeric aggregations. Among the different methods that had been developed for the synthesis of carbon * Abbas Ali Esmaeili [email protected] * Majid Darroudi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
dots, the most common techniques are the “top-down” cutting from varying carbon sources and “bottom-up” synthesis through organic molecules or polymers [3]. Considering how the bottom-up organic processes involve dehydration and carbonaceous aggregation by the usage of small molecules that are labeled as precursors, however, it is also possible to synthesize CDs from organic and non–toxic precursors including carbohydrates [4]. Although the synthesis of CDs through the bottom-up approach demand the application of smal
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