Greenhouse gas emissions and soil bacterial community as affected by biochar amendments after periodic mineral fertilize
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Greenhouse gas emissions and soil bacterial community as affected by biochar amendments after periodic mineral fertilizer applications Vicky Lévesque 1 & Philippe Rochette 1 & Richard Hogue 2 & Thomas Jeanne 2 & Noura Ziadi 1 & Martin H. Chantigny 1 & Martine Dorais 3 & Hani Antoun 3 Received: 28 November 2019 / Revised: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 # Crown 2020
Abstract In a 338-d microcosm incubation experiment, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and bacterial diversity were studied in a clayey soil amended with 5% (w/w) biochar in the presence or absence of 4% (w/w) peat- and shrimp-based compost used as an additional C source. Two maple biochars produced at 400 °C (M400) or 700 °C (M700) and pine chips produced at 700 °C (P700) were tested. In comparison with soil supplemented or not with compost, the addition of any biochar resulted in lower total cumulative N2O emission (90% to 97%). The low porosity of M400 and M700 increased soil anaerobic conditions and resulted in higher total cumulative CH4 emission compared to the other soil treatments. In addition, the lowest total cumulative CO2 emission was observed with M700, probably due to its low-priming effect on native soil C decomposition. In all treatments, compost addition had the highest impact on both soil bacterial richness and community composition, particularly on bacteria of the class Anaerolineae. At day 338, results showed that modification of soil properties by maple biochars reduced bacterial diversity and induced shifts in the taxonomic composition of their community. In fact, heterotrophic bacteria involved in denitrification, such as genera Haliangium, Hyphomicrobium, Opititus, and Pedomicrobium, increased in abundance in response to the amendment with maple biochars. We conclude that the nature of biochar feedstock can impact soil bacterial diversity by changing soil physicochemical properties, thus influencing C dynamics, porosity, and pH, and by mitigating total cumulative GHG emissions. Keywords Denitrification . High-throughput sequencing . Porosity . pH . Priming effect . Pyrolysis
Introduction The intensification of agriculture requires increased use of fertilizers and thereby has harmful consequences for the environment, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Galloway et al. 2008; Jäger et al. 2011; Thomson et al. 2012). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01470-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vicky Lévesque [email protected] 1
Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec City, QC, Canada
2
Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada
3
Centre de recherche en innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
Consequently, different strategies for mitigating GHG emissions have been proposed, such as managing soil chemical and microbiological properties (Smith et al. 2008; Thomson et al. 20
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