Growth performance and transcriptomic response of Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to suitable and
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Growth performance and transcriptomic response of Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to suitable and unsuitable host plant species Xunbing Huang1 · Hidayat Ullah2 · Yueyue Wang1 Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The growth of herbivorous insects is influenced by their host plants, which is underpinned by genetic regulations. We studied the growth performance of the grasshopper Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn when it fed on a suitable host plant, Artemisia frigida (Asteraceae) and unsuitable host plant, Stipa krylovii (Poaceae) in a two-year feeding trial. Additionally, the underlying transcriptomic response was also measured using RNA-seq. When C. abbreviatus fed on S. krylovii, it had a significantly reduced growth rate and large variation in its gene expression profiles. A total of 106 genes were significantly up-regulated and mainly enriched in stress resistance-related KEGG pathways. Another 161 genes were significantly down-regulated and were mainly associated with development regulation-, cuticle biosynthesis-, and nutrition metabolism-related pathways. A total of 18 candidate genes were verified by RT-qPCR and were consistent with the transcriptomic results. Stress resistance was significantly induced in grasshopper when C. abbreviatus fed on the unsuitable host. However, the capacity for cuticle biosynthesis or nutrition metabolism significantly declined. The negative effects which S. krylovii had on the grasshopper’s growth performance and gene expression indicate that this plant species was a stressor compared to A. frigida. This study enhances the knowledge on the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in plant–herbivore insect co-evolution. Keywords Grasshoppers · Plants · Transcriptomics · Growth performance · Host adaptation
Introduction Plant–insect interactions represent co-evolutionary histories of up to 400 million years (Roy et al. 2016). As a result of the “arms race” between plants and herbivorous insects, plants have developed sophisticated defenses to resist herbivores, while herbivores have evolved strategies to overcome such defenses (Baldwin 2001). Subsequently, these adaptive Handling Editor: Ritu Chaudhary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-020-09772-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xunbing Huang [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2
traits have accumulated in plants and herbivorous insects during their co-evolution (Futuyma and Agrawal 2009). Plant availability and quality (e.g., nutrition state and phytotoxins) are the most extrinsic factors that affect herbivores (Franzke et al. 2010; Ibanez et al. 2013; Turlings and Erb 2018). Herbivores have evolved to be highly host plant specific (Ibanez et al. 2013; Nylin et al.
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