High-strength and amphiphilic epoxidized soybean oil-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
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High‑strength and amphiphilic epoxidized soybean oil‑modified poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels Manxi Sun1 · Jianhui Qiu1 · Shuping Jin1 · Hongjian Huang1 · Wendi Liu2 · Eiichi Sakai1 · Ji Lei3 Received: 7 May 2020 / Revised: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels are widely used as biomimetic cartilage materials for its good biocompatibility and shock absorbing ability. However, the application of pure PVA hydrogel prepared through freezing–thawing method is limited by its disadvantages such as high flexibility and low mechanical strength. To solve these barriers, a biobased monomer, i.e., epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), was used to modify PVA to formulate a series of ESO cross-linked PVA (PVA-ESO) hydrogels. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses were used to confirm the formation of PVA-ESO copolymer. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the formed PVA-ESO hydrogels presented a distinct porous structure, while no obvious pores were observed on pure PVA hydrogel. The tensile strength of PVA-ESO hydrogels increased up to 2.4 times when compared to that of pure PVA hydrogel. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the elastic properties of PVA-ESO hydrogels are better than that of pure PVA hydrogel, which are similar to that of natural cartilage. In summary, the modification of PVA with ESO can improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the hydrogels due to the improved cross-linking degree and the formed hydrophobic association. Keywords Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) · Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) · Hydrophobic association · Mechanical property
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s0028 9-020-03462-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jianhui Qiu qiu@akita‑pu.ac.jp 1
Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 015‑0055, Japan
2
College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Food Bio‑engineering, Xihua University, Chendu 610039, People’s Republic of China
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has gained more and more interest over the last years due to its biodegradability and nontoxicity [1]. The physically cross-linked PVA hydrogels formed by freezing–thawing (FT) method have similar viscoelastic behavior with articular, making them attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering [2–4]. The high mechanical strength of PVA hydrogels is imparted by the large number of hydrogen bonds, which can be further strengthened by changing the conditions of FT method. The FT process could induce the formation of microcrystalline regions, resulting in physically cross-linked PVA hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties
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