High velocity seawater air-conditioning with thermal energy storage and its operation with intermittent renewable energi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
High velocity seawater air-conditioning with thermal energy storage and its operation with intermittent renewable energies Julian David Hunt & Behnam Zakeri & Andreas Nascimento & Bruno Garnier & Márcio Giannini Pereira & Rodrigo Augusto Bellezoni & Natália de Assis Brasil Weber & Paulo Smith Schneider & Pedro Paulo Bezerra Machado & Dorel Soares Ramos Received: 23 December 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The rapid increase in cooling demand for airconditioning worldwide brings the need for more efficient cooling solutions based on renewable energy. Seawater air-conditioning (SWAC) can provide base-load cooling services in coastal areas utilizing deep cold seawater. This technology is suggested for intertropical regions where demand for cooling is high throughout the year, and it has been implemented in islands with short distances from the coast and the deep sea. This paper proposes adjustments to the conventional design of SWAC plants to reduce implementation risks and costs. The approach is named high velocity
SWAC and consists of increasing the excavation depth of the seawater pump station up to 20 m below the sea level, compared to 2 to 5 m in conventional SWAC projects. This allows a twofold increase in the speed of inlet pipeline seawater and cooling load of the plant. The cooling load can be expanded twofold with only 55% capital cost and 83% project costs, compared with the costs of a new system. In addition, this article shows that high velocity SWAC plants with thermal energy storage will have an important role supporting the dissemination of intermittent renewable sources of energy in regions where SWAC is a viable cooling alternative.
Highlights • Detailed description of SWAC plants. • Considerable reduction in capital and operation costs, and risk of SWAC projects. • The cooling load can be expanded twofold with only 55% capital cost and 83% project costs, • Cheap alternative to store energy from intermittent renewable sources. J. D. Hunt : B. Zakeri International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
M. G. Pereira Electric Power Research Center (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
J. D. Hunt (*) : A. Nascimento Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
R. A. Bellezoni Getulio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
B. Zakeri Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
P. P. B. Machado : D. S. Ramos Polytechnic School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
B. Garnier De Profundis, Paris, France
N. de Assis Brasil Weber : P. S. Schneider Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Energy Efficiency
Keywords Building refrigeration . Cooling demand . District cooling . Energy efficiency . Seawater airconditioning
Introduction World demand for air-conditioning is surging rapidly due to life quality improvement in developing countries and global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that demand for
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