Hydrothermally synthesized bimetallic disulfide Co x Ni 1-x S 2 as high-performance cathode material for lithium thermal
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydrothermally synthesized bimetallic disulfide CoxNi1-xS2 as high-performance cathode material for lithium thermal battery Yanxiang He 1 & Lixin Cao 1,2 & Guangming Yuan 3 & Shanshan Fan 1 & Qiuying Li 1 & Sifu Bi 2 & Chongxiao Luo 3 & Haiping Liu 1,2 Received: 13 February 2020 / Revised: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The hollow microspherical structure cathode materials of bimetallic disulfide CoxNi1-xS2 (x varied from 0.1 to 0.5) for lithium thermal battery were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, and composition of the hollow CoxNi1xS2 were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability was assessed by differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The thermal battery fabricated with CoxNi1-xS2 as cathode active material and LiB as anode exhibits the good electrochemical performance at 450 °C. Especially when x = 0.1, the initial discharge voltage reached 2.037 V, and specific capacity was 297.4 mA h g−1 at cut-off voltage of 1.5 V during constant current discharge. The bimetal disulfide material also presented advantages of reducing the internal resistance of the single cell. Keywords Bimetallic disulfide CoxNi1-xS2 . Hydrothermal method . Lithium thermal battery . Cathode materials
Introduction Lithium thermal battery [1] is one kind of special energy storage devices, using molten salt as the electrolyte [2], which remains solid and non-conductive at room temperature [3]. When thermal battery is activated, the internal heating system of the battery can rapidly increase the electrolyte temperature, melt the solid electrolyte, and then facilitate ion transfer and activate the battery [4, 5]. Lithium thermal battery possesses an outstanding shelf life, high specific energy, and harshenvironment endurance, which makes it useful as a power source for rocket, missile, space exploration, and other engi-
* Lixin Cao [email protected]; [email protected] * Haiping Liu [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
3
Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
neering systems [6]. And it has also been widely used in fire alarms, underground high-temperature prospecting, aircraft emergency, and other civilian areas [7]. The lithium thermal battery is consists of a series of single cell. Each single cell mainly includes cathode, molten salt electrolyte, and anode. The studies [8–10] demonstrated that the improvement of cathode electrode active material is the most critical factor in development of lithium thermal battery. The commonly studied cathode materials are transition metal sulfides, oxides, and chlorides. Among them, transition metal disulfides (MS2, M = Fe, C
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