ICACE 2019 Selected Articles from the International Conference on Ar
This book presents selected articles from the 3rd International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering 2019, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Written by leading researchers and industry professionals, the papers highlight recent advances and addr
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		    Mokhtar Awang Meor Razali Meor M Fared   Editors
 
 ICACE 2019 Selected Articles from the International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering
 
 Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 59
 
 Series Editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
 
 Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering - quickly, informally and in top quality. Though original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNCE, edited volumes of exceptionally high quality and interest may also be considered for publication. Volumes published in LNCE embrace all aspects and subfields of, as well as new challenges in, Civil Engineering. Topics in the series include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 
 Construction and Structural Mechanics Building Materials Concrete, Steel and Timber Structures Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Engineering Coastal Engineering Ocean and Offshore Engineering; Ships and Floating Structures Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Structural Health and Monitoring Surveying and Geographical Information Systems Indoor Environments Transportation and Traffic Risk Analysis Safety and Security
 
 To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the appropriate Springer Editor: – Mr. Pierpaolo Riva at [email protected] (Europe and Americas); – Ms. Swati Meherishi at [email protected] (Asia - except China and Australia/NZ); – Ms. Li Shen at [email protected] (China). Indexed by Scopus
 
 More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15087
 
 Mokhtar Awang Meor Razali Meor M Fared •
 
 Editors
 
 ICACE 2019 Selected Articles from the International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering
 
 123
 
 Editors Mokhtar Awang Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
 
 Meor Razali Meor M Fared Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Malaysia
 
 ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ISBN 978-981-15-1192-9 ISBN 978-981-15-1193-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1193-6 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in		
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