Identification and Design of a Next-Generation Multi Epitopes Bases Peptide Vaccine Candidate Against Prostate Cancer: A
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Identification and Design of a Next-Generation Multi Epitopes Bases Peptide Vaccine Candidate Against Prostate Cancer: An In Silico Approach Prasanta Patra1 Manojit Bhattacharya1,2 Ashish Ranjan Sharma2 Pratik Ghosh1 Garima Sharma3 Bidhan Chandra Patra1 Bidyut Mallick4 Sang-Soo Lee2 Chiranjib Chakraborty 2,5 ●
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Received: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men and ranked fifth in overall cancer diagnosis. During the past decades, it has arisen as a significant life-threatening disease in men at an older age. At the early onset of illness when it is in localized form, radiation and surgical treatments are applied against this disease. In case of adverse situations androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, etc. are widely used as a therapeutic element. However, studies found the occurrences of several side effects after applying these therapies. In current work, several immunoinformatic techniques were applied to formulate a multi-epitopic vaccine from the overexpressed antigenic proteins of PCa. A total of 13 epitopes were identified from the five prostatic antigenic proteins (PSA, PSMA, PSCA, STEAP, and PAP), after validation with several in silico tools. These epitopes were fused to form a vaccine element by (GGGGS)3 peptide linker. Afterward, 5, 6dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) was used as an adjuvant to initiate and induce STING-mediated cytotoxic cascade. In addition, molecular docking was performed between the vaccine element and HLA class I antigen with the low ACE value of −251 kcal/mol which showed a significant binding. Molecular simulation using normal mode analysis (NMA) illustrated the docking complex as a stable one. Therefore, this observation strongly indicated that our multi epitopes bases peptide vaccine molecule will be an effective candidate for the treatment of the PCa. Keywords Prostate cancer Immunoinformatics Antigens Epitope Adjuvant Vaccine ●
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Introduction
These authors contributed equally: Prasanta Patra, Manojit Bhattacharya, Ashish Ranjan Sharma Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12013-020-00912-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sang-Soo Lee [email protected] * Chiranjib Chakraborty [email protected] 1
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Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the prevalent cancers throughout the world. The PCa is the third prime cause of cancer mortality in men, while it is also responsible for second highest mortality of American men [1, 2]. According to the American Cancer Society, 174,650 new cases and 31,620 deaths occurred throughout the U
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