Impact of Salicylic Acid on the Transport and Distribution of Sugars in Plants
The article discusses the ways of salicylic acid influence on transport of sucrose and its distribution in plants. The intercellular and long-distance transport along phloem depends on the presence or absence of SA. As a result of sucrose influx in hetero
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Impact of Salicylic Acid on the Transport and Distribution of Sugars in Plants M. S. Krasavina and N. A. Burmistrova
Abstract The article discusses the ways of salicylic acid influence on transport of sucrose and its distribution in plants. The intercellular and long-distance transport along phloem depends on the presence or absence of SA. As a result of sucrose influx in heterotrophic tissues the content of sucrose in the sink organs may increase. Complex interactions between SA, sucrose, Ca2+, ROS and transmembrane electrical potential that occur in the apoplast and at the level of plasma membrane are discussed. Keywords Salicylic acid Electric potential
Sucrose Cell-to-cell transport Phloem transport
1 Introduction Carbohydrates play a complex role in plant life. Sugars are the main products of photosynthesis and serve as a source of energy and material for growth and development of heterotrophic organs. Numerous factors are known to control the contents of sugar and their metabolites. Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone-like signaling molecule which has a direct impact on diverse processes of plant growth and development and transmits messages to all organs about changes in any one of them. On the other hand, SA also affects the biosyntheses and activities of other hormones—ethylene, abscisic acid, and cytokinins.
M. S. Krasavina (&) N. A. Burmistrova Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected]
S. Hayat et al. (eds.), Salicylic Acid, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_6, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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M. S. Krasavina and N. A. Burmistrova
2 Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Content of Sugars in Plants In recent years, a series of observations show the dependence of carbohydrate accumulation in plant cells and tissues on SA. In most of these experiments, spraying the leaves of seedlings and even of adult plants with a SA-containing solution altered the sugar content in the above— and underground organs. The total carbohydrate content in the plant increased, especially that of soluble sugars—sucrose, glucose, and fructose (Khan et al. 2012; Mathur and Vyas 2007; Shaaban et al. 2011; Kaveh et al. 2004; Ghasemzadeh and Jaafar 2012; Khodary 2004; Amin et al. 2007, 2008; Sahar et al. 2011; Dong et al. 2011; Mostajeran and Rahimi-Eichi 2009). This increase in sugar content in various plant organs was positively correlated with accelerated growth in wheat (Shakirova et al. 2003), pea, cucumber, (Farouk et al. 2008), common bean (Gharib and Hegazi 2010), and groundnut (Jayalakshmi et al. 2010). In other experiments, SA also improved germination and vigor of seeds (Gharib and Hegazi 2010), stem diameter, leaf and stem dry weight, leaf area, and leaf index (Bayat et al. 2012). The cause for such activation of growth processes might be due an increase in the turgor pressure in the cells because of the accumulation of soluble sugars and other osmotically active compounds, including proline and solub
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