Improving printability of a thermoresponsive hydrogel biomaterial ink by nanoclay addition
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Improving printability of a thermoresponsive hydrogel biomaterial ink by nanoclay addition Chen Hu1, Lukas Hahn1, Mengshi Yang1, Alexander Altmann1, Philipp Stahlhut2, Ju¨rgen Groll2, and Robert Luxenhofer1,3,* 1
Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany 2 Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany 3 Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Helsinki University, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Received: 18 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 30 August 2020
As a promising biofabrication technology, extrusion-based bioprinting has gained significant attention in the last decade and major advances have been made in the development of bioinks. However, suitable synthetic and stimuliresponsive bioinks are underrepresented in this context. In this work, we described a hybrid system of nanoclay Laponite XLG and thermoresponsive block copolymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazine) (PMeOx-b-PnPrOzi) as a novel biomaterial ink and discussed its critical properties relevant for extrusion-based bioprinting, including viscoelastic properties and printability. The hybrid hydrogel retains the thermogelling properties but is strengthened by the added clay (over 5 kPa of storage modulus and 240 Pa of yield stress). Importantly, the shear-thinning character is further enhanced, which, in combination with very rapid viscosity recovery (* 1 s) and structure recovery (* 10 s), is highly beneficial for extrusion-based 3D printing. Accordingly, various 3D patterns could be printed with markedly enhanced resolution and shape fidelity compared to the biomaterial ink without added clay.
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The Author(s) 2020
Handling Editor: Maude Jimenez.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05190-5
J Mater Sci
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Introduction Biofabrication, employed for the engineering of different biological tissues including skin [1], meniscus [2, 3], cartilage [3–6], bone [7] and blood vessels [8, 9], attracts more and more attention in the field of tissue engineering [10–12]. As a rapidly growing biofabrication technology, extrusion-based bioprinting has made substantial progress during the last decade as it is compatible with a wide range of build materials and allows on-demand production of 3D scaffolds with precisely controlled architecture [13–16]. However, despite the great progress and remarkable achievements that have been recently made, there are still challenges that hamper its further development, particularly the shortage of high-performance bioinks or biomaterial inks [17] which can achieve high-resolution and high-fidelity printed features without compromising cell viability [14, 18, 19]. Currently, the majority of studies concentrate on a few material classes, spec
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