Inclination Effects on Temperature Distribution of Fire Smoke for Highway Tunnel
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RESEARCH PAPER
Inclination Effects on Temperature Distribution of Fire Smoke for Highway Tunnel Jianwei Cheng1 · Zui Wang1 · Fangyuan Liu2 · Chang Qi1 Received: 10 January 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract Fire fighting in the highway tunnel has been the main threat to the tunnel operation safety. In the present study, a small-scale tunnel model has been established based on Caihongling Tunnel in Jiangmen at China and 24 sets of small-scaled fire model tests have been carried out with tunnel slope gradient, ventilation velocity and fire power as main factors. The slope takes gradient of 0.0%, 1.5% and 3.0%, respectively, and the ventilation velocity is successively set at 0 m/s, 0.3 m/s, 0.6 m/s and 0.9 m/s. Furthermore, the fire power, based on pool fire, is classified as type A and B. As a result of the error of measurement and the influence of environmental factors, the fire source power for type A is set to 17.2 kW and 22 kW for type B. In view of the tests, the present study investigates the smoke flow and longitudinal distribution of temperature along the highway tunnel, with an aim to analyze the range and direction of smoke flow under different operating conditions and further reveal the law of longitudinal distribution of temperature at different levels. According to the test results, it is hoped that the present study can provide some basis and insight for the tunnel structure, fire protection of equipment and the setting of ventilation velocity and evacuation in the case of fire. Keywords Highway tunnel · Model · Temperature · Distribution · Smoke
1 Introduction With the rapid development of economy and society, as well as the significantly improved living standard, countries around the world are universally confronted with the rapid growth of population, the increasing number of vehicles and the continuous expansion of cities. To cope with the increasing traffic load on the ground, there is an urgent need for a multi-level and three-dimensional traffic system, which leads to the emergence of various highway tunnels in recent years (Zeng et al. 2012; Wang 2012; Hua et al. 2011). According to the statistics (Lai 2017), altogether there are 14,006 national highway tunnels with the total length of 12,683,900 m in 2015, including 744 super-long tunnels with the total length of 3,299,800 m and 3,138 long * Jianwei Cheng [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 220116, Jiangsu, China
Nanjing Safirst Technology Company Limited, Xuzhou 220116, Jiangsu, China
2
tunnels with the total length of 5,376,800 m (China Traffic News Network 2019). However, a variety of issues have been posed in tunnel security in spite of the convenience brought by tunnels for transportation. With the increasing tunnel length, traffic density and vehicle speed, the transportation of dangerous materials increases the risk of fire accidents in the tunnel as a result of the breakdown, collision and spontaneous
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