Investigation on the effects of carbonization parameters on carbon material produced from durian shell
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Investigation on the effects of carbonization parameters on carbon material produced from durian shell Jinjuta Owkusumsirisakul1
· Thanakorn Keeriang1 · Navadol Laosiripojana2 · Chaisak Issro1
Received: 19 May 2020 / Revised: 23 September 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbonization of durian shell was performed in this study. Our aims are to investigate the effects of carbonization operating parameters (temperature and the use of N2 gas) on product yields and properties and to scale up the experiment. The products were analyzed for chemical compositions and physical characterization via SEM-EDX. The results showed that carbonization temperature significantly affected the product yields and properties while the use of nitrogen slightly had effects on the products. At high temperatures, the SEM showed the progressive increases in porosity development, indicating a higher surface area. The experiment was then scaled-up from 5.0 to 20.0 g at 600 ◦ C without N2 in the system to study the effects of feedstock quantity and reaction time. The results revealed that more reaction time was needed in order to get better product properties but the yields were not significantly different as the reaction time increased. The obtained results could be beneficial for agricultural waste management and could assist in modifying carbonization process parameters with larger scale production. Keywords Durian shell · Carbonization · Biomass · Scaling-up · Characterization
1 Introduction Durian is considered an economic fruit in the eastern part of Thailand. It is also known as the “king of fruit” due to its strong flavor and distinctive aroma, so there is a high demand for it, especially in South-East Asia countries. Durian fruit contains up to 81% of non-edible parts (66% shell and 15% seed) with high moisture content and biodegradable organic ingredients [1, 2]. Therefore, the abundance of spiky outer shell of durian fruits is left useless on landfill, making the waste management more difficult. The long-term dumping of these wastes and improper landfill management will result in environmental problems such as the propagation of plague due to the growth of bacteria, insects and vermin, the degradation of the land, and the emission of the greenhouse gas [3]. For these Jinjuta Owkusumsirisakul
[email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
2
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
reasons, the transformation of this waste into the valueadded product may be considerable for not only reducing the environmental impact but also increasing an economic benefit. Therefore, many biomass utilization technologies have been studied to add value to agricultural wastes and agroindustrial residues. The biomass conversion pathways can be divided into biological, chemical, and thermal processes but some process
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