Leaf Spraying of Manganese with Silicon Addition Is Agronomically Viable for Corn and Sorghum Plants
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Leaf Spraying of Manganese with Silicon Addition Is Agronomically Viable for Corn and Sorghum Plants Kamilla Silva Oliveira 1
&
Renato de Mello Prado 1 & Victor Hugo de Farias Guedes 1
Received: 15 July 2019 / Accepted: 3 January 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Leaf spraying of manganese (Mn) is widely used in annual crops due to its deficiency in the soil. Silicon (Si) addition in the spray solution with Mn could favor physiological and nutritional aspects and the production of corn and sorghum plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Mn and Si supplied by leaf spraying on leaf nutrition of corn and sorghum under Mn deficiency. Two experiments were carried out: one with corn and other with sorghum grown in pots filled with sand and using nutrient solution. Corn experiment consisted of a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with Mn concentrations of 0.0, 0.29, 0.58, and 0.87 g L−1 in the absence and presence of Si (0.476 g L−1) applied on leaves at the V4 and V6 stages. The experiment with sorghum was carried out in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with Mn concentrations of 0.0, 0.17, 0.34, and 0.51 g L−1 in the absence and presence of Si (0.476 g L−1) applied on leaves at the V4 and V6 stages. Physiological and dry mass production variables were evaluated in both experiments to verify the effect of Si and Mn on plant nutrition. Leaf spraying of Mn associated with Si increased micronutrient accumulation, relative chlorophyll index, quantum efficiency of PSII, and reflected on dry mass production of corn and sorghum plants. Leaf spraying of Mn associated with Si in the spray solution is agronomically viable for corn and sorghum plants. Keywords Zea mays . Sorghum bicolor . Deficiency . Mn . Beneficial element . Leaf fertilization
1 Introduction Manganese (Mn) deficiency is common in different natural alkaline soils in the world that contain low micronutrient levels or have received an excessive application of limestone (Mousavi et al. 2011) associated or not with inadequate incorporation of corrective material into the soil (Resende 2005) as calcium carbonates and magnesium carbonates. In addition, intensive cultivation of agricultural areas and the use of formulated fertilizers with low micronutrient concentration have intensified the onset of crop deficiency (Felisberto 2018). Losses related to Mn deficiency in plant performance are due to its relevant role in oxidation-reduction metabolic processes, such as those in the transport of electrons in the photosynthesis (Mousavi et al. 2011), being an enzymatic cofactor involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, aromatic amino acids, lignin, and flavonoids (Lidon et al. 2004).
* Kamilla Silva Oliveira [email protected] 1
São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
Other chemical elements could potentiate their biological effects on plants under Mn deficiency conditions, such as silicon (Si). Currently, Si has been stood out as a mitigator of different plant stresses (Liang et al. 2007
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