Lithium perrhenate catalyst for carbon aerogel-based supercapacitor
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Lithium perrhenate catalyst for carbon aerogel‑based supercapacitor Mateusz Ciszewski1 · Andrzej Koszorek2 · Małgorzata Osadnik3 · Katarzyna Szleper4 · Michał Drzazga1 · Katarzyna Leszczyńska‑Sejda1 Received: 19 January 2020 / Accepted: 26 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 OPEN
Abstract Carbon aerogels are unique type of amorphous carbon-based materials with an extraordinary properties including light weight, well-developed and tailored pore structure, high specific surface area, low electrical resistivity and high purity. Therefore carbon aerogels can be used in numerous applications, including energy storage materials such as supercapacitors or lithium-ion batteries. Synthesis of hydrogel requires accurate concentration of monomers and catalysts, exact temperature and time. Low-density carbon aerogel can be produced using a complicated supercritical drying method, which allows to expel solvent without carbon porous structure collapse. Here we report a possibility to use novel type of resorcinol/formaldehyde gelation catalyst based on rhenium salt. The organic gel obtained using lithium perrhenate was traditionally carbonized and examined with respect to energy storage properties. It was found that interaction of lithium and rhenium atoms with monomers resulted in completely different structure than using typical sodium carbonate catalyst.
* Mateusz Ciszewski, [email protected] | 1Department of Hydrometallurgy, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland. 2Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland. 3Department of Powder and Composite Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland. 4Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland. SN Applied Sciences
(2020) 2:786
| https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2619-1
Vol.:(0123456789)
Short Communication
SN Applied Sciences
(2020) 2:786
| https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2619-1
Graphic abstract
Keywords Supercapacitors · Carbon aerogels · Supercritical drying · Lithium perrhenate
1 Introduction Although carbon aerogel is extraordinary material that may find application in numerous areas of everyday living it’s large-scale production is limited because of complex and sophisticated apparatus required for drying procedures (high T and p autoclaves to maintain supercritical solvent parameters). Regardless complex apparatus carbon aerogels can be successfully applied in the energy storage applications, specifically in double layer capacitors. Gels are characterised by low electrical resistivity, tailored pores structure, high surface area, purity of carbonized material, and light weight that make carbon gels one of the best candidates for supercapacitors. The methodology to obtain high quality tailored material in a facile way is still under consideration. The history of gels,
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