Luminescent Chemosensor Based on Ru(II) Bipyridine Complex for Detection of Sudan I through Inner Filter Effect
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Luminescent Chemosensor Based on Ru(II) Bipyridine Complex for Detection of Sudan I through Inner Filter Effect Sujitraj Sheth 1 & Mengyuan Li 1 & Qijun Song 1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Presence of Sudan I in food stuff can be problematic and need to be checked in order to protect our health from possible carcinogen. Therefore, it is essential to detect Sudan I by efficient, rapid and reliable method. In this work, we have designed a Ru(II) polypyridyl complex, [Ru(bpy)2(CIP)]2+ probe for the selective and sensitive detection of Sudan I. Upon addition of Sudan I to the solution of [Ru(bpy)2(CIP)]2+ in ethanol, the luminescence quenched rapidly, and linear concentration range with analyte has been obtained from 0.8 to 100 μM with the limit of detection as low as 0.26 μM (S/N = 3). The effective luminescence quenching was resulted due to the inner filter effect (IFE) between luminophore, [Ru(bpy)2(CIP)]2+ and quencher, Sudan I. Our spectroscopic study was essentially provided sufficient analytical evidences in order to prove occurrence of IFE mechanism. As there were no interferences observed in luminescence measurement from the other substances the present probe has been successfully applied for the detection of Sudan I in commercial chili powder sample, making the probe suitable for practical usage. Keywords Ru(II)complex . Luminescence . Sudan I . Inner filter effect . Sensor
Introduction Sudan dyes are frequently used as a colorant in various industrial products due to their attractive orange-red appearance, and intense coloration properties [1]. Among Sudan dyes, Sudan I (1-phenylazo-2-naphthol, Fig. 1) is commonly used as a food colorant over natural coloring substances to attract attention of consumers because of their low cost, high stability, and consistency in its performance [2, 3]. However, in our body’s metabolic process Sudan I dye lead to the production of aniline which create higher risk of potential maladies like liver disorder, nerve damage, and life threatening cancers due to its overexposure [4, 5]. Therefore, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) placed Sudan class of dyes into class 3 carcinogens posing high risk of development of cancer Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-020-02602-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qijun Song [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
[6]. Due to this many countries are banned use of Sudan I in food products including European Union (EU). Although forbidden it is still continued to be used illegally in some food products, like chili powder, culinary spices, tomato sauce etc. [7]. Therefore, EU Commission passed a decision on 23 May 2005 to exhibit emergency meas
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