Magnesium Citrate Increases Pain Threshold and Reduces TLR4 Concentration in the Brain
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Magnesium Citrate Increases Pain Threshold and Reduces TLR4 Concentration in the Brain Basar Koc 1 & Servet Kizildag 2 Nazan Uysal 1
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Ferda Hosgorler 1
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Hikmet Gumus 3
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Sevim Kandis 1
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Mehmet Ates 2
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Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Magnesium is being investigated in various clinical conditions and has shown to be effective in some chronic pain models. However, it is not clear if oral magnesium use affects pain perception in acute pain. TLR4’s (toll-like receptor) role in pain perception has emerged through its role in immune pathways and ion channels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a single oral dose of magnesium citrate on pain conduction and whether with magnesium, the expression of TLR4 changes in the acute phase. Following a single dose of 66-mg/kg magnesium citrate administration to male Balb-c mice, pain perception (via hotplate test), motor conduction (via electrophysiological recording, forelimb grip strength, rotarod and open-field tests), and emotional state (via elevated plus maze and forced swim test) were evaluated. In behavioral experiments, the control group was compared with applied magnesium for three different time groups (4, 8, 24 h). TLR4 expression was measured in four groups: control, magnesium (Mg), hot plate (HP), and Mg + HP. Hot plate latency was prolonged in the magnesium group (p < 0.0001) and electrophysiological recordings (p < 0.001) and forelimb grip strength measurement (p < 0.001) determined motor latency. Compared with the untreated hot plate group, TLR4 levels was lower in the brain (p = 0.023) and higher in the sciatic nerve (p = 0.001) in the magnesium-treated hot plate group. Consequently, the study indicated a single dose of magnesium citrate appeared to cause weakening in the transmission and perception of nociceptive pain. TLR4 may act as a regulator in magnesium’s effects on pain perception. Keywords Pain perception . Magnesium citrate . Brain . Sciatic nerve . Muscle . Toll-like receptor 4
Introduction The suppressing effect of magnesium on sensory or motor function, and the conduction in excitable cells, is a particularly important feature utilized in many treatment areas. It is administered in regional and general anesthesia, palliation of neuropathic pain, tocolytic treatment of premature birth, prevention or therapy of eclampsia–preeclampsia, and cardiac arrhythmias [1–5].
Magnesium has many effects on excitable cells in the presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic steps, such as preventing neurotransmitter release by competing with presynaptic calcium ions, blocking stimulator glutamate effect to postsynaptic Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, increasing conductance of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels or blocking of Calcium (Ca2+) ions entry at postsynaptic level, rising postsynaptic action potential threshold, and decreasing the firing rate in the synaptic cleft and neuromuscular junction [6–8].
* Nazan Uysal nazan.uys
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