Magnetic field and temperature-dependent studies of structural and magnetic properties of NiFe 2 O 4 films
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Magnetic field and temperature‑dependent studies of structural and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 films Kanchan Kumari1 · Rajesh Kumar1 · Partha Bir Barman1 Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Unheated and heated nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) films under the influence of the magnetic field were fabricated using a solution method named as the liquid–vapor interfacial method. The effect of magnetic field and temperature on the morphological, structural, and magnetic properties of the films was studied. The particle size is found to increase from both SEM images and XRD calculations. From the XRD calculations, the particle size in unheated films increases from 7.3 to 18.9 nm, and in heated films, from 22.3 to 24.9 nm with the application of a magnetic field. The interplanar spacing and lattice constant increase with the applied magnetic field and decreased with heating. From the XPS results, the atomic percentage of cation at tetrahedral and octahedral sites shows the mixed spinel structure of formed ferrite films. All the magnetic factors are found to increase by implementing the magnetic field while decrease with the heating of films.
1 Introduction Spinel ferrite thin films are attracting interest because of their different magnetic properties, which include ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, and antiferromagnetism. This spinel structure permits the incorporation of different metallic ions to change their properties [1, 2]. These materials show high magnetic permeability, electric resistivity, significant magnetostrictive coefficients, and saturation magnetization. They have utility in several areas such as in the enhancement of the information storage area, in the technology of ferrofluids, wave industries, disk-recording magnetic refrigeration, transducer devices, multilayer chip inductors, and as gas sensors [2–5]. NiFe2O4 is one of the important members of the spinel ferrite group, which is a soft magnetic material having an inverse spinel structure and ferrimagnetic properties. The structure of ferrite can be understood from the distribution of divalent and trivalent ions in tetrahedral voids and octahedral voids. For the inverse spinel structure, x = 1, where x is an inversion factor defined as a number of trivalent ions occupy tetrahedral sites [6, 7]. The ferrimagnetic nature of the N iFe2O4 appears due to the arrangement of * Rajesh Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173234, India
magnetic moments of the spins of Fe3+ ions at tetrahedral sites and that of N i2+, Fe3+ ions at octahedral sites [2, 3, 6, 8]. NiFe2O4 films are suitable for device applications from lower millimeter to upper microwave wave ranges [4]. Thin films are the most suitable nanostructure for many applications because of their different properties from the bulk. The microstructure of thin film is an important parameter in determ
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