Mechanism analysis of toxicity of sodium sulfite to human hepatocytes L02
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Mechanism analysis of toxicity of sodium sulfite to human hepatocytes L02 Xu Han1 · Feifei Zhu1 · Liang Chen1 · Hong Wu1 · Tao Wang1 · Keping Chen1 Received: 20 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Food additives are widely used in various food products to preserve the taste, color, and other qualities. However, if they are used improperly or exceed the standard, they will cause damage to the human body. Sulfite is a commonly used food additive to prevent oxidation from deteriorating the nutrients in foods, it has been widely used as a bleaching agent in the food industry for a long time. In this study, human hepatocytes L02 cells were used as a model cell line to evaluate the toxicity of sodium sulfite. The cell morphology and cell proliferation were affected by sodium sulfite treatment, and apoptosis was detected. Transcriptome sequencing showed 97 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the experimental group (IC50) and the control group (MOCK), and 27 differentially expressed genes related to cell apoptosis, metabolism and inflammation were selected for validation by qPCR. Among them, 13 significantly upregulated genes and 14 significantly downregulated genes were identified by qPCR. The results showed that with increase of sodium sulfite concentration, the morphology of L02 changed, cell proliferation and activity were inhibited, and sodium sulfite caused apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The resulting toxic mechanism inhibits proliferation, damages the mitochondrial integrity, and promotes apoptosis. Keywords Sodium sulfite · Cell activity · Apoptosis · Transcriptomic analysis · Toxicity mechanism
Introduction Food contains various additives that are necessary to keep the color, taste, and other qualities of the food. Sulfite is generally used in the form of sulfur dioxide or inorganic sulfite capable of producing sulfur dioxide [1]. Sulfite is a compound commonly used as a preservative in foods and * Keping Chen [email protected] Xu Han [email protected] Feifei Zhu [email protected] Liang Chen [email protected] Hong Wu [email protected] Tao Wang [email protected] 1
Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
pharmaceutical preparations [2, 3]. Sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, potassium sulfite and sodium sulfite are five sulfites and are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tube and distributed to all organs including the brain [4]. Clinical observations have suggested that sulfite, if the body has excessive intake, can damage the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and cause symptoms such as dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting, and cause reduction in red blood cells and hemoglobin [5]. Studies have shown that sulfite is an important risk factor for the development and progression of liver disease [6, 7]. Liver, kidney, and heart have been reported to have high sulfite oxidase activity [8]
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