Melatonin alleviates cadmium toxicity by reducing nitric oxide accumulation and IRT1 expression in Chinese cabbage seedl
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Melatonin alleviates cadmium toxicity by reducing nitric oxide accumulation and IRT1 expression in Chinese cabbage seedlings Tao Wang 1 & Jinxue Song 1 & Ze Liu 1 & Zili Liu 1 & Jin Cui 1 Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Melatonin (MT) is reported as a kind of phytohormone, exerts various biological activities, mediating plant growth and development and responding to abiotic stresses. In the present research, we examined the possibility that MT could involve in the alleviation of cadmium (Cd) toxicity by reducing the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO). The research indicated that the addition of MT significantly increased the biomass and photosynthetic parameters of plants compared with the control treated under Cd stress. Besides, we found that compared with the control treatment, MT also reduced the level of Cd-induced nitric oxide, and at the same time, the enzyme activity related to NO synthesis and the expression of related genes were decreased. In addition, MT treatment significantly reduced the Cd content in Chinese cabbage seedlings compared with the control, which was partially reversed by the addition of SNP (NO donor). PTIO (NO scavenger) addition could reduce the Cd content when seedlings were exposed to Cd stress. At the same time, compared with the Cd stress, the concentration of Cd in MT-treated plants decreased significantly, and the expression levels of related transport genes IRT1 also decreased significantly. Taken together, these results further support the idea that under the stress of Cd, NO increases the expression of IRT1, thus further increasing the absorption of Cd and aggravating the stress of Cd in plants, while exogenously added MT can inhibit the synthesis of NO, reduce the content of Cd, and alleviate the stress caused by Cd. Keywords Chinese cabbage . Melatonin . Cadmium . Nitric oxide . Transport . IRT1
Introduction Cadmium (Cd) is a trace element with highly toxic to both human and plants; it will cause serious pollution to soil and water and produce strong and lasting environmental toxic effects on plants and animals (Zhu et al. 2012; Dias et al. 2013; Deng et al. 2014). When Cd is ingested into the human body through the food chain, it will cause great harm, including kidney damage, cardiovascular and immune disorders, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer (Verougstraete et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2009; Goyer et al. 2004; Itoh et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2015). Therefore, it is important to reduce the health
Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Jin Cui [email protected] 1
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
risks caused by reducing the amount of Cd in crops and vegetables. In the process of natural selection, plants have evolved certain mechanisms to resist heavy metal stress, including chelation, limiting Cd influx, and promoting Cd outflow (Gallego et al. 2012; Lin and Aarts 2012; Thapa et al. 2012; Clemens 2001). In plants, C
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