Modelling of water absorption kinetics and biocompatibility study of synthesized cellulose nanofiber-assisted starch-gra
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Modelling of water absorption kinetics and biocompatibility study of synthesized cellulose nanofiber-assisted starchgraft-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel nanocomposites Nooshin Bahadoran Baghbadorani . Tayebeh Behzad . Mohammad Hossein Karimi Darvanjooghi . Nasrin Etesami
Received: 20 March 2019 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract To prepare superabsorbent hydrogels, starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) reinforced by cellulose nanofibers (CNF), was synthesized through free radical graft polymerization. The results of its biocompatibility tests exhibited that by increasing incubation time from 1 to 5 days, the numbers of living cells were increased on both reinforced and unreinforced hydrogels. However, the fraction of cells on the surfaces of the reinforced hydrogel is comparable to unreinforced samples. The swelling amounts in NaCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3 solutions were 193 ± 9, 110 ± 8, and 99 ± 7 (gwater/gabsorbent) for 5 wt% CNF-reinforced hydrogels and 109 ± 8, 62 ± 7, and 56 ± 6 (gwater/gabsorbent) for unreinforced hydrogels, respectively. Compressive strength and Young’s modulus of 5 wt% CNF-assisted hydrogels were also 63.3 and
31.6 kPa corresponding to 69% and 140% improvements compared with unreinforced one. The graft polymerization of acrylic acid monomer was controlled by monomer content and cross-linking percentage, in order to achieve the highest swelling capacity for hydrogels. Hydrogel swelling in water was 312 gwater/gabsorbent for unreinforced hydrogel and 523 gwater/gabsorbent for 5 wt% CNF-reinforced sample and water absorption kinetics results was in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. The prepared CNF-reinforced starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels can be used in a wide range of medical application due to the enhanced hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03511-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. N. Bahadoran Baghbadorani T. Behzad (&) M. H. Karimi Darvanjooghi N. Etesami Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) Cellulose nanofibers Biocompatibility Hydrogel Swelling
Introduction Superabsorbent hydrogels can be classified as novel materials in the absorption process employed widely in chemical, biological, and environmental applications. Current industrial and academic research for development in superabsorbent hydrogels has been centered upon inclusion of polysaccharides, i.e., starch, chitosan, cellulose, etc. Because of high biocompatibility and low cost, biodegradability, availability, and non-toxicity, starch (St) can be selected as the most suitable material for preparation of hydrogels (Fajardo et al. 2013; Li et al. 2016; Tanan et al. 2018). The applicatio
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