Molecular characterization of tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus associated with seve
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Molecular characterization of tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus associated with severe leaf curl symptoms of papaya in Bangladesh Islam Hamim & Wayne B. Borth & Jon Y. Suzuki & Michael J. Melzer & Marisa M. Wall & John S. Hu
Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract A survey of viruses in papaya plants exhibiting leaf curl symptoms in Bangladesh showed the occurrence of three begomoviruses: tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJoV) and its betasatellite (ToLCJoB), tomato leaf curl New Dehli virus (ToLCNDV), and tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus (ToLCBV). The full-length genome of ToLCJoV (MT127782) was determined and shown to be closely related to ToLCJoV isolates from tomato in Bangladesh or India and chili in India. ToLCJoV from papaya was a recombinant of a ToLCJoV isolate from mungbean in India or an unknown host and another ToLCJoV isolate from tomato in Bangladesh. ToLCJoV betasatellite from papaya (MT161673) showed the highest identity to ToLCJoB from tomato in Bangladesh and chili in India. ToLCJoB from papaya is a recombinant of a ToLCJoB from chili in India and an unknown
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02086-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. I. Hamim Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh e-mail: [email protected] W. B. Borth : M. J. Melzer : J. S. Hu (*) Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. Y. Suzuki : M. M. Wall USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
ToLCJoB. The ToLCNDV DNA-A (MT161674) and DNA-B (MT161675) from papaya are closely related to ToLCNDV isolates from tomato in Bangladesh. The ToLCNDV-papaya DNA-B was a recombinant molecule. Of the 45 papaya leaf samples with leaf curl symptoms, 29 tested positive for ToLCBV, 10 for ToLCJoV and four for ToLCNDV. Our findings documented multiple begomoviruses in papaya exhibiting leaf curl disease in Bangladesh and suggested several recombination events and a host shift from tomato to papaya. Keywords Papaya . Begomoviruses . Satellites
Introduction Papaya (Carica papaya L., Caricaceae) is a widely cultivated, economically important fruit crop in Bangladesh. It is rich in minerals and nutrients. This berry-type fruit is eaten as a dessert or a green vegetable in salads or curry. It is also rich in papain, which is used in food processing to soften meat, in the leather industry, and in medicine (Hamim et al. 2014; Milkovich 2017). Viruses cause important papaya diseases in Bangladesh, producing a wide array of symptoms, including foliar ringspots, leaf curl, mosaic, and distortion (Hamim et al. 2019a).These diseases can be caused by single or mixed infections of viruses that belong to the plant virus genera Begomovirus,
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