Molecular Detection for Two Abalone Shell-boring Species Polydora haswelli and P. hoplura (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from K
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Note pISSN 1738-5261 eISSN 2005-7172
Molecular Detection for Two Abalone Shell-boring Species Polydora haswelli and P. hoplura (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from Korea using 18S rDNA and cox1 Markers Soon Jeong Lee1, Mun-Gyeong Kwon2, and Sang-Rae Lee3* 1
Seaweed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Mokpo 58746, Korea Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea 3 Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea 2
Received 24 February 2020; Revised 26 July 2020; Accepted 4 August 2020 © KSO, KIOST and Springer 2020
Abstract− Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) are morphologically similar and have shell-boring abilities that are harmful to commercially important mollusks; genetic analysis is therefore important for their identification. Here, molecular evidence for Polydora species in Korean cultured abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is first reported. DNA barcode markers (Nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 regions) identified Polydora haswelli and P. hoplura in infested abalone shells. The cox1 marker was efficient in detecting Polydora species even in samples contaminated with shell debris. The findings provide useful information for the accurate identification of Polydora species and for monitoring harmful spionids in mollusk aquaculture farms. Keywords − 18S rDNA, abalone shell boring, cox1, Polydora, P. haswelli, P. hoplura
1. Introduction Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) are reported as harmful shell-boring polychaetes (Shinn et al. 2015; Radashevsky and Migotto 2017; Sato-Okoshi et al. 2017; Ye et al. 2019) and, worldwide, they have seriously affected the abalone aquaculture industry (Sato-Okoshi et al. 2013; Won et al. 2013; Shinn et al. 2015; Radashevsky and Migotto 2017). The accurate identification of spionid polychaetes is important in determining whether they have shell-boring abilities (Radashevsky and Pankova 2013). Furthermore, reporting the accurate taxonomy of such spionids can provide essential information for preventing their spread and infestation worldwide. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
In Korea, even though the shell-boring activity of Polydora species has been reported, species identification on specific host species has not been investigated until now (Sato-Okoshi et al. 2012; Won et al. 2013). The morphological similarities of spionid polychaetes hinder accurate species detection (Simon and Sato-Okoshi 2015). However, molecular analysis using DNA sequence markers provide useful genetic information for describing species distributions for reporting the emergence of new species (Sato-Okoshi and Abe 2012; Teramoto et al. 2013; Sato-Okoshi et al. 2017; Ye et al. 2019). Using morphological examination methods, Sato-Okoshi et al. (2012) identified three Polydora species in commercially important mollusk shells from Korea. Polydora haswelli was found in Atrina pectinata, Chlamys farreri, Crassostrea gigas, Haliotis
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