Molecular identification of sugarcane black bug ( Cavelarius excavates ) from Pakistan using cytochrome C oxidase I (COI
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Molecular identification of sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates) from Pakistan using cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene as DNA barcode Khadim Hussain 1 & Kamran Rashid 1 & Faisal Hafeez 2 & Ikrma Amad 1,3 & Muhammad Ashraf 1 Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Sugarcane is one of the major cash crop whose low productivity is due to low nutrients supply and insect pest attacks. The nutrient requirement may be fulfilled by increasing the amount of fertilizer supplements but pest attack is difficult to control through poisonous chemicals due to their harmful effects on plant growth as well as human health. Recently, sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates) was reported to attack sugarcane crop in Pakistan which caused plethora of damages to the crop yield. To control the insect pest, first step is to identify the enemy insect precisely. Therefore, a DNA barcode based study was required for the correct identification of bug species. DNA barcoding is one of the most powerful and sophisticated tools for identifying insects where sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) is used as DNA marker. Sugarcane black bug was sampled and its genomic DNA was subject to PCR for amplification of COI gene. Sanger sequencing of targeted gene was done commercially from Macrogen (South Korea). Sequence analysis revealed that our sequence was first DNA barcode sequence of sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates) in the databases. This study will help us to open more ways to understand and controlling sugarcane black bug. Keywords Sugarcane black bug . COI gene . DNA barcoding . Phylogenetic analysis . Cavelarius excavates
Introduction Currently, sugarcane crops are facing serious challenges in Pakistan. Farmers and concerned industries are striving for the sustainability of growth and productivity. The most important crises are the lesser than average production per acre with low sugar recovery rate and production cost is also on higher side. Where there are several reasons for this, pest infestation is one of the major reasons for the low yields realized in the country in recent years (Ullah et al. 2012). Sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavatesis) one of the major pests of
* Khadim Hussain [email protected] 1
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
sugarcane which is extensively dispersed in subcontinent as reported by (Atwal and Dhaliwal 2009). The highest infestation of the pest was recorded on ratoon crop (46.41%) followed by autumn crop (11.92%) and spring sown crop (9.58%) (Zada et al. 2013). During 1930s, it was recorded in epidemic form in Indian Punjab (Agarwal and Siddiqui 1964) and it was noticed again in 1983 by (Bains and Dhaliwal 1983). In recent past, Bla
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