Multilayered Nano-Entrapment of Lipase through Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Formation and the Application in Cost-Effective
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Multilayered Nano-Entrapment of Lipase through Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Formation and the Application in Cost-Effective Biodiesel Production Khurshid Ahmed Baloch 1,2 & Apichat Upaichit 1
& Benjamas Cheirsilp
2
Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Significant components of cost-effective medium for Magnusiomyces capitatus A4C extracellular lipase (ECL) production were optimized via a five-level factorial design. A simplistic, economical, and green approach was adopted for biomimetic mineralization to prepare multilayered nano-entrapped ECL, which were then applied as biocatalysts for the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The optimal ECL (0.8 mg protein/mL) and CuSO4∙5H2O (1.2 mM) showed the highest capacity for enzyme loading. The ECLCuSO4-hybrid showed an 89.7% conversion of triacylglycerides into FAME via transesterification and a 98.7% conversion of oleic acid into FAME via esterification at 72 h. The ECL-CuSO4-hybrid gave 65% and 78.7% FAME production after 5 successive reuses via transesterification and esterification reactions, respectively. Therefore, these ECL-inorganic hybrid biocatalysts have high economical potential to be used for the production of biodiesel as the future petrodiesel replacement. Keywords Biodiesel . Esterification . Transesterification . Extracellular lipase . Organic-inorganic hybrid . Nano-entrapment
Highlights • Cost-effective extracellular lipase production by Magnusiomyces capitatus A4C was optimized. • Immobilization of extracellular lipase was performed by enzyme-inorganic mineralization. • Application of lipase-inorganic hybrids for biodiesel production via transesterification and esterification. • Achievement of 98% of biodiesel yield. • Consecutive reuses of lipase-inorganic hybrids in different batches.
* Apichat Upaichit [email protected] Khurshid Ahmed Baloch [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl ester (FAME) has been reported as an environmentally friendly and renewable source of energy. Not only renewability but also its biodegradability and lower emission of hazardous effluents make it one of the preferable sources of energy in the near future [1]. It can be produced by esterification of the free fatty acids or transesterification of triacylglycerides with alcohol surfacing short alkyl chains [2]. Different feedstocks have been used for biodiesel production including edible and non-edible oils. Compared with edible oils, non-edible oils are more suitable for biodiesel production with the advantage that the industrial-scale biodiesel production would not affect the food industry [1, 3]. Over past many years, biodiesel has been produced by several methods such as acid- or base-catalyzed transesterification. Acid-catalyzed biodiesel production is suitable with a feedstock containing mainly free fatty acids with a lower rea
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