Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Bactrian camels ( Camelus bactrianus ) in China
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GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China Shan-Shan Zhao 1 & Yun-Hui Li 1 & Ying Zhang 2 & Qiang Zhou 2 & Bo Jing 2 & Chun-Yan Xu 2 & Long-Xian Zhang 3 & Jun-Ke Song 1 & Meng Qi 2 & Guang-Hui Zhao 1 Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is known to infect humans and a wide range of animals globally. However, no studies on G. duodenalis infection in Bactrian camels have been reported. In the present study, in order to examine the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in Bactrian camels, 852 fecal samples were collected from 24 sampling sites in three geographical areas (Gansu province, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions) of northwestern China, and subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis targeting the 18S rRNA, β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. About 84 fecal samples tested positive for Giardia infection, with an overall prevalence of 9.8%, including three samples from camel calves with diarrhea. Significant differences (χ2 = 80.7, df = 2, P < 0.01) in the prevalence were found in Bactrian camels belonging to three geographical areas, with the highest (33.3%) in Gansu province and the lowest (4.2%) in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Furthermore, significantly different prevalences (χ2 = 34.2, df = 2, P < 0.01) were revealed among age groups, with the highest (35.7%) in camels aged 3 to 6 years old, and the lowest (7.5%) in camels aged > 6 years old. Sequence analysis identified two assemblages, including zoonotic assemblage A and ungulate-adapted assemblage E, with the latter as the dominant G. duodenalis assemblage in each age group and at all sampling sites having positive samples except Hotan. Genetic variations were detected among G. duodenalis isolates in these camels, and eight, three, and seven haplotypes were identified at loci bg, gdh, and tpi, respectively, forming two multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of zoonotic assemblage A and one MLG of assemblage E. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on G. duodenalis infection in Bactrian camels, and the data indicate that G. duodenalis have a broad host range. Keywords Giardia duodenalis . Bactrian camels . Prevalence . Genetic diversity . Northwestern China
Introduction Shan-Shan Zhao and Yun-Hui Li contributed equally to this work. Section Editor: Lihua Xiao * Meng Qi [email protected] * Guang-Hui Zhao [email protected] 1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300 Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Regions, People’s Republic of China
3
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
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