Multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri reveals the predominance of a novel clonal com
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri reveals the predominance of a novel clonal complex among isolates from goats in India Anbazhagan Subbaiyan1 · Prasad Thomas1 · Muthu Sankar2 · Rajneesh Rana1 · Pallab Chaudhuri1 Received: 9 April 2020 / Revised: 5 October 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) typically causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis and septicaemia in goats. Mortality associated with Mmc in goat flocks is lower compared to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniaeassociated respiratory infections. Case fatality rates associated with Mmc ranged from 9.8 to 26.8% among several states in India. Molecular epidemiology approaches aimed at genotyping help to identify the diversity of isolates involved in a disease. Ten clinical pathogenic Mmc isolates were analysed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for studying genotypic relationships with 50 isolates available from public databases. The MLST analysis indicates high genetic diversity among Mmc isolates. From a total number of 60 isolates, 43 six sequence types (STs) were recognized comprising of six STs from India and 37 STs from other geographical regions. MLST profiles of isolates revealed none of the STs observed in Indian isolates were shared with global isolates. Some of the STs representing Indian isolates (four STs) were clustered into a novel clonal complex 1 (CC1). Maintenance of genetically related STs forming CCs among the goat population in India for longer periods indicates disease causing potentiality of these isolates. Based on various recombination analysis, weak clonal relationship among Mmc isolates were identified. The present study has enlightened further steps in disease investigations and to design future control measures by employing prevalent genotypes as vaccine candidates against Mmc infections. Keywords Clonal complex (CC) · Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) · Genetic diversity · Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) · Sequence types (ST)
Introduction In India, the respiratory disease in goats is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc). It is characterized by pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis and septicaemia Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02100-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
(Thiaucourt et al. 2011). Mmc is one of the emerging threats and important transboundary disease in small ruminants. It causes heavy morbidity in adult goats and mortality in young animals. Mmc has a wider geographic distribution and present in most of the continents (Rahman et al. 2018). The seroprevalence of Mmc in goats ranges from 9 to 78% in India (Dinesh et al. 2013; Gupta et al. 2016; Rana et al. 2009; Roy et al. 2010). Molecular epidemiological tools can ascertain the genetic relatedness among isola
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