Natural products and polymeric nanocarriers for cancer treatment: a review
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REVIEW
Natural products and polymeric nanocarriers for cancer treatment: a review Rahul Ahuja1 · Neha Panwar2 · Jairam Meena1 · Mamta Singh1 · Debi P. Sarkar2 · Amulya K. Panda1 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Cancer is one of the most lethal disease that affects humans. Many anticancer agents have been developed but have downsides such as toxicity, affordability and limits of the administered dose. Alternatively, natural anticancer products are promising due to their non-toxic nature. Indeed, natural anticancer products have doubled the human life span in twentieth century. Moreover, over 60% of approved drugs and drug candidates against cancer are of natural origin. Yet, natural drugs have limitations such as non-specific action, low aqueous solubility and reduced bioavailability. These limitations can be circumvented by delivering drugs using polymeric nanocarriers. For instance, polylactic acid and polylactic-co-glycolic acid have been used as carriers in the medical field for a very long time. About 20 products based on these polymers have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine. Polymeric nanocarriers are versatile and have potential to meet actual challenges in the delivery of natural products for cancer treatment. Here we review natural products in treating cancer with focus on polymeric nanocarriers. Keywords Natural product · Biodegradable polymer · Nanoparticle · Nanocarrier · Cancer · Poly (lactic acid)-poly (lactideco-glycolic acid) · Chemotherapy
Introduction Cancer has been the one of the major fatal disease claiming about 1 in every 6 deaths occurring globally. In the year 2018 an estimated 9.6 million lives were lost due to cancer. About 70% of these deaths occurred in low and middle income countries (WHO n.d). It is marked by deregulated cell growth forming a tumoral mass. The capability of new blood vessel formation not only provides them with continued oxygen and nutrient supply but also grant cancer its dreaded metastastic potential leading it to further spread in other sites of the body ultimately culminating in death. Chemotherapy has been the most successful choice for treatment of cancers. It is based on targeting abnormal cancer cells but unfortunately also damages healthy cells of the * Amulya K. Panda [email protected] 1
Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
2
body (Danhier et al. 2012; Perez-Herrero and FernandezMedarde 2015). In the past few years, the use of natural products with anticancer properties has gained much appreciation. Their natural origin, relatively non-toxic nature and pleiotropic effects have been largely responsible for this attention. A wide variety of natural products like epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, resveratrol and many others have been investigated for their anticancer action. About 6 in 10 drugs ap
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