Nitric Oxide Stimulates Antioxidant System and Osmotic Adjustment in Soybean Under Drought Stress
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Nitric Oxide Stimulates Antioxidant System and Osmotic Adjustment in Soybean Under Drought Stress Maryam Rezayian 1 & Hassan Ebrahimzadeh 1 & Vahid Niknam 1 Received: 29 October 2019 / Accepted: 13 February 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract The target of the present study was to determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on drought stress amelioration in soybean plant. Plants were treated with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15%) without or with NO (100 μM). Based on our results, drought stress significantly decreased growth in soybean plants. Increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and aldehyde content indicated drought-induced oxidative stress in soybean plants. Drought stress enhanced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, accumulation of proline and glycine betaine, and lipoxygenase activity as well as total phenol and tocopherol content. NO had a beneficial effect on drought tolerance and promoted growth in soybean plants. NO treatment maintained soybean against drought-induced oxidative hurt, thereby improving the antioxidant defense mechanism (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants). NO application caused osmotic adjustment by up-regulation accumulation of compatible solutes in stressed plants. Enhanced plant growth was linked with induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity and decrease in electrolyte leakage by NO application. Our results revealed that NO had ability to alleviate the destructive effects in soybean plants under drought stress. Keywords Nitric oxide . Soybean . Drought stress . Osmolytes . Antioxidative system
1 Introduction Drought, one of the principal environmental agents, adversely influences growth and development of plants (Gong et al. 2013). Many plant species cannot cope on drought stress and this stress causes harmful effects such as decrease of photosynthesis, demolition in osmotic balance, reduction of enzyme activities, and disruption of ionic content. Negative effects of drought finally lead to decline in growth and even plant death (Munns and Tester 2008). Environmental stresses create oxidative stress with different levels, and the ability of plants to control this stress depends to their tolerance. Drought stress increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes oxidation of cellular components and alternation in redox status; therefore, * Hassan Ebrahimzadeh [email protected] Maryam Rezayian [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran
control of ROS concentration is important under stress (Jubany-Marí et al. 2010). Plants have adaptive mechanisms for overcoming water stress, in which osmotic adjustment is one of the most common strategies in drought resistance. Some compounds have essential roles such as osmoprotectant and osmoregulation for drought tolerance, including gl
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