Nitrogen-doped carbon/SiO x composites from rice husks as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
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Nitrogen‑doped carbon/SiOx composites from rice husks as a high‑performance anode for lithium‑ion batteries Jiajia Song1,2 · Shouwu Guo1,3 · Lingjiang Kou1,2 · Hui Liu1 · Koji Kajiyoshi2 · Jiaxin Su1 · Peng Zheng1 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 / Published online: 12 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rice husks as agricultural waste contain abundant Si, C and N elements. We used rice husks as raw materials, Z nCl2 as morphology control agent via a simple magnesiothermic reduction method to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon/SiOx (N–C/SiOx) composites as anode materials of lithium ion batteries. The composites exhibit high reversible capacity (at a current density of 100 mA g−1, after 100 cycles the discharge capacity as high as 1110 mAh g−1), excellent cycling stability and outstanding rate performance (the discharge capacity reach 896, 665, 440, 310 and 225 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively). The nice electrochemical performance of N–C/SiOx anode materials attribute to the composites with ultrafine nanoparticles, which can release the stress generated during volume expansion timely. In addition, carbon in the composites is highly available to reduce the side reaction. Besides, N doping is an efficient way to improve the conductivity of composites. The rice husks-drived N–C/SiOx composites synthesized by an environmentally friendly and economically method with satisfied electrochemical performance, which provide a promise for commercial of Si-based anode materials.
1 Introduction Nowadays, with growth of population and economy, energy shortage and environmental crisis increase dramatically worldwide, which inspired researchers to develop the renewable energy resources [1]. In order to use the sustainable energy (such as ocean, wind energy and solar power), it is necessary to make efficient energy storage devices [2]. As one of the most promising energy storage systems, lithiumion batteries (LIBs) with advantage of low self-discharge, outstanding cycling performance and high reliable have been * Shouwu Guo [email protected] * Peng Zheng [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
2
Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780‑8081, Japan
3
Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which brings great convenience to the people’s daily lives [3, 4]. As we know, the electrochemical performance of LIBs are largely depends on the characteristics of the active substances of electrode [5]. Graphite as the most used anode material for commercial LIBs with long lifespan, how
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