Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plant
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD:N ratio Supaporn Phanwilai1, Naluporn Kangwannarakul1, Pongsak (Lek) Noophan (✉)1, Tamao Kasahara2, Akihiko Terada3, Junko Munakata-Marr4, Linda Ann Figueroa4 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2 Laboratory of Ecohydrology, Division of Forest Sciences, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan 3 Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan 4 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• Two IFAS and two MBBR full-scale systems (high COD:N ratio 8:1) were characterized. • High specific surface area carriers grew and retained slow-growing nitrifiers. • High TN removal is related to high SRT and low DO concentration in anoxic tanks.
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 11 June 2020 Revised 17 October 2020 Accepted 21 October 2020 Available online 16 November 2020 Keywords: IFAS MBBR AnodkalnessTM K1 carrier Polypropylene resin carrier Sponge carrier
ABSTRACT The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used AnodkalnessTM K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, USA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The + COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH4 -N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems. © Higher Education Press 2020
1 ✉ Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Removing nitrogen from municipal wastewater before discharging to the env
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