Nitrogen-rich microporous carbon framework as an efficient polysulfide host for lithium-sulfur batteries
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Nitrogen-rich microporous carbon framework as an efficient polysulfide host for lithium-sulfur batteries Xingyuan Zhang1, Hanyuan Zhou1, and Jian-Gan Wang1,* 1
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
Received: 9 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 8 October 2020
Lithium-sulfur batteries are recognized as a promising high-energy-density and low-cost energy storage devices. However, the sulfur cathode suffers from poor cycling stability resulting from the serious polysulfide shuttle. Herein, we develop a nitrogen-rich and highly porous carbon polyhedron for effectively hosting sulfur. The carbon host manifests an ultrahigh specific surface area of 3400 m2 g-1, a dominated micropore volume of 0.96 cm3 g-1, and a high-level nitrogen doping of 8.3 at.%. Such an intriguing structure could suppress the polysulfide shuttle via physical confinement by micropores and strong chemical adsorption by polar nitrogen species. Moreover, the electrically conductive carbon enables a substantially enhanced electrochemical kinetics. Consequently, the carbon/sulfur composite electrode delivers an ultralow fading rate of 0.033% per cycle at 2 C over 500 cycles and superior rate capability (483 mAh g-1 at a high 5 C rate). The present study demonstrates the potential use of nitrogen-rich porous carbon framework as an efficient polysulfide host for lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction To meet the ever-increasing energy demands of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, it is critical to explore new energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities. Among various alternative battery candidates, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSB) are promising owing to their high Handling Editor: Mark Bissett.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05433-5
theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g-1) of sulfur and high energy density (2600 Wh kg-1) [1, 2]. Moreover, rich abundance, low cost as well as environmental benignity of sulfur offer additional attractive advantages [3, 4]. However, the practical commercialization of LSB is obstructed by the challenging issues of low electrical conductivity and huge volume variation of sulfur as well as serious shuttle effect of polysulfides
J Mater Sci
during charge/discharge process, which eventually result in low capacity delivery, poor rate capability and short cycle life [5–8]. To address the above-mentioned issues, tremendous efforts have been made to devoting to develop various sulfur hosts, including carbon materials [9–11], conductive polymers [12] and metal oxides/sulfides [13–16]. Among them, porous carbon materials have aroused great interest due to their large surface area and high porosity, which can physically confine polysulfides and alleviate large volume change of sulfur
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