Optical properties of the composite film from P3HT and hydrothermally synthesized porous carbon nanospheres
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Xuguang Liub) Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi province, China; and Applied Chemistry Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi province, China
Bingshe Xu Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi province, China; and Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi province, China (Received 17 December 2014; accepted 30 March 2015)
Porous carbon nanospheres (PCNSs), with a diameter of about 100 nm and porous structure, were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Then, poly(3-hexylthiophene):PCNS (P3HT:PCNS) composite films were prepared by a spin-coating method using PCNS and P3HT mixtures in a chlorobenzene solution. The effects of mixture ratio, revolving speed, suspension concentration during spin coating, and annealing on the optical properties of P3HT:PCNS composite films were investigated. The results indicate that PCNSs exhibit an energy level matching with P3HT and the optical properties of the P3HT:PCNSs depend strongly on mixture ratio, revolving speed, and suspension concentration during spin coating. A 2:1 ratio of P3HT to PCNSs, suspension concentration of 20 mg/mL (P3HT), and spinning rate of 2000 rpm are appropriate for fabricating P3HT:PCNS composite films, and annealing increases the crystallinity of P3HT, resulting in enhanced visible light absorption and increased charge transport in composite films.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the deterioration of environment and depletion of conventional resource, solar energy has attracted substantial commercial and scientific interest because it is abundant, safe, renewable, and clean.1–3 Solar cells, as the most effective way of the solar application technology, can convert light into electricity. In recent years, crystalline silicon accounts for 90% of industrial solar cell applications, but the high preparation cost and environment pollution limit its economic feasibility.4 Polymer solar cells with low cost, large area, light weight, and flexibility have attracted enormous research interest in recent years.5,6 However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for polymer solar cells is still low to meet the requirement of actual application. So, it is essential to search for new materials for high PCE of polymer solar cells. Recently, many carbon nanomaterials are widely used for polymer solar cells owing to their high conductivity, excellent Contributing Editor: Mauricio Terrones Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.108 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 30, No. 10, May 28, 2015
thermostability, high corrosion resistance, and excellent electrocatalytic activity, such as two-dimensional graphene, one-dimensional carbon nan
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