Optimization of Design Parameters of Slag-Corncob Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete by the Central Composite Design of the R
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RESEARCH PAPER
Optimization of Design Parameters of Slag‑Corncob Ash‑Based Geopolymer Concrete by the Central Composite Design of the Response Surface Methodology Solomon Olakunle Oyebisi1 · Anthony Nkem Ede1 · Festus Adeyemi Olutoge2 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract This study applied the central composite design of the response surface to optimize the mix parameters in the production of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporated with corncob ash (CCA) using grade 30 (M 30) and grade 40 (M 40) concrete as design proportions. The influence factors such as binders (B), curing time (t), and concentration of alkaline activating solution (M), and the response (compressive strength) were optimized in accordance with the 2 2 factorial design of the full central composite, the factors were analyzed and compared with the experimental (input) values. The optimization values showed the maximized compressive strengths as 50.70 and 62.92 MPa with the composite desirability (D) of 1.0000 and 1.0000 at the minimized B, t, and M as 390 and 500 kg/m3, 74 and 83 days, and 14 and 14 M for M 30 and M 40, respectively, compared with the experimental values, having the maximum compressive strength of 48.23 and 62.09 MPa for both M 30 and M 40 at 90 days of curing with 14 M. Hence, this study statistically and optimally offered a better fitting of the designed parameters and the experimental results showed a good conformity with the optimized results. Keywords Corncob ash · Ground granulated blast furnace slag · Optimization · Response surface · Compressive strength · Alkaline activating solution
1 Introduction Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has generated increasing interest in recent years as an eco-friendly and a sustainable material which does not utilize Portland cement (PC) for its production. Aside from its environmental friendliness, GPC has become one of the possible alternatives to PC due to its higher mechanical strength (Bouaissi et al. 2019; Oyebisi et al. 2018a, b; 2019a), excellent durability properties, in * Solomon Olakunle Oyebisi [email protected] Anthony Nkem Ede [email protected] Festus Adeyemi Olutoge [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
2
terms of good resistance against sulphate and acidic attacks (Aiken et al. 2018; Davidovits 2013), and lower heat of hydration (Davidovits 2013). Moreover, the energy required for the production of geopolymer cement and the C O2 emission in the course of its production was 59% and 80% lower than that of PC (Oyebisi et al. 2018a). In the construction sector, GPC has emerged as a greener concrete owing to the global call for sustainable building and environment. Consequently, the supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as FA, GGBFS, RHA, and CCA, have been widely utiliz
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