Overlapping Horizons of Salicylic Acid under Different Stresses
Salicylic acid (SA) is an established plant hormone with its multifaceted, pleiotropic effects within and beyond the plant system, under stress and non-stress conditions. SA has been appreciated in regulating biotic stress locally under symbiotic and path
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Overlapping Horizons of Salicylic Acid under Different Stresses Mohd Irfan, Shamsul Hayat, Arif Shafi Wani and Aqil Ahmad
1 Introduction Since the discovery of salicylic alcohol, isolated as a glycosidic derivative first by Johann Buchner in 1928, salicylic acid (SA) has emerged rapidly to establish itself as a class of ubiquitous phytohormone in plant kingdom. It found its role in regulating diverse metabolic and physiological functions in plant tissues, particularly in meristematic and biotically-challenged tissues regulating redox homeostasis. The derivatives of acetyl salicylic acids have been shown to manage plant’s internal metabolism at its optimal growth conditions in different normal and stressed regimes of soil salinity (Kaydan et al. 2007; Tari et al. 2004; Szepesi et al. 2005; El Tayeb 2005; Yusuf et al. 2008), water stress (Senaratna et al. 2000; Hamada and Al-Hakimi 2001; Hayat et al. 2008), high temperature stress (Lopez-Delgado et al. 1998; Janda et al. 1999; Larkindale and Huang 2004; He et al. 2005; Chakraborty and Tongden 2005), chilling (Szalai et al. 2002; Tasgin et al. 2003; Korkmaz 2005), and heavy metal stresses (Choudhury and Panda 2004; Panda and Patra 2007; Krantev et al. 2008; Guo et al. 2009; Zhou et al. 2009). SA regulates the internal oxidative state of cell(s) quite differently under two types of microbial invasions, i.e. pathogenesis and symbiosis. In pathogenesis invasion, it synergises reactive (oxygen, nitrogen or free radical) species, simultaneously cross-talking with other active phytoregulators (e.g. nitric oxide, brassinosteroids jasmonic acids and ethylene, etc.), while in symbiosis invasion, it suppresses the over-accumulation of reactive radicals activating detoxification system (antioxidant enzymes and molecules) in co-operation with different plant hormones (viz., auxins, cytokinins and gibberellic acids, etc.). “Resistance induced through a wide range of pathogens (Malamy et al. 1990; Durner et al. 1997), via flash/mild abiotic stress (Ashraf et al. 1999; Azevedo Neto et al. 2005), which may be sometimes taxonomically unrelated (Uknes et al. 1992), facilitates” the accumulation of SA to strengthen resistance at whole plant level.
S. Hayat () · M. Irfan · A. S. Wani · A. Ahmad Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India N. Tuteja, S. S. Gill (eds.), Crop Improvement Under Adverse Conditions, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4633-0_6, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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2 T he Overlapping Regimes of Abiotic and Biotic Challenges in Plants Salicylic acid has established its worthiness not only in local and systemic pathogenic and symbiotic responses but also surpassed diverse abiotic stresses such as salinity, high temperature, chilling, drought, radiation and heavy metal stresses (Kranteve et al. 2008; Choudhuri and Panda 2004), and sometimes even par-systemically in adjacent plant population (Huang et al. 2005; Heil and Ton 2008, Ortíz-Castro 2009). Therefore, SA appears t
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