Phase Composition of Ceramic-Granite Based on Russian Raw Materials
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PHASE COMPOSITION OF CERAMIC-GRANITE BASED ON RUSSIAN RAW MATERIALS M. G. Moshnyakov1 and V. Z. Abdrakhimov2 Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 6, pp. 42 – 45, June, 2020.
Ceramic-granite was obtained on the basis of Russian raw materials at relatively low temperature 1200 – 1250°C. X-ray phase, IR-spectroscopic, and electron-microscopic analyses showed the presence of quartz, cristobalite, mullite, and a glass phase, the content of the latter being at least 50%, in the ceramic-granite. Mullite gives the ceramic-granite high physical-mechanical metrics: strength, frost resistance, heat-resistance, and so on. Key words: ceramic-granite, phase composition, metrics, glass phase, cristobalite, quartz, mullite.
Ceramic-granite is a modern finishing material of artificial origin. It appeared on the market of ceramic materials comparatively recently [1]. Its unique performance characteristics make it useful for facade cladding as well as interior finishing. Moreover, ceramic-granite is durable and strong; it is notable for resisting mechanical damage, scratches, and abrasion; and, it is not ruined by moisture and temperature changes. The manufacture of ceramic-granite is a repeat of the process of formation of native granite but compressed in time [2]. For this reason the fabrication of ceramic-granite requires well-sintering kaolin and clay which, in contrast to Ukraine, are encountered very rarely in Russia [3]. One-time firing is cost-effective for the manufacture of ceramic-granite. The required properties of the ceramic body and glaze can be obtained with only one heat-treatment. The glaze coatings impart high durability and the required anti-slip texture if the ceramic-granite is used to cover floors [4]. In Russia ceramic-granite was produced mainly on the basis of kaolin clays from Ukainian deposits. In the chemical technology of ceramic materials phase transformations and porosity structure are given special emphasis, since they are the factors that determine the performance properties of ceramic materials [5]. The purpose of the present work was to determine the phase composition of ceramic-granite based on Russian raw materials. 1 2
PROCEDURE The phase composition was determined by means of x-ray diffraction. A DRON-3 automated diffractometer with CuKa radiation and a b-filter was used to perform the analysis. The diffraction patterns were obtained under the following conditions: U = 35 kV; I = 20 mA; angle survey q – 2q; detector 2 K/min. X-ray phase analysis was performed on a semi-quantitative basis using the diffraction patterns of powder samples and the method of equal portions and artificial mixtures. In addition the quantitative ratios of the crystalline phases were determined. The ICDD card index — the PDF2 (Powder Diffraction File) powder diffractometric database and the diffraction patterns of impurity-free minerals — was used to interpret the diffraction patterns. Radicals have their own characteristic vibrational frequencies, which also appear in the spectra of crystals and glasses c
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