Photo-electrochemical degradation of wastewaters containing organics catalysed by phosphate-based materials: a review
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REVIEW PAPER
Photo-electrochemical degradation of wastewaters containing organics catalysed by phosphate-based materials: a review Elhassan Amaterz . Ahmed Tara . Abdessalam Bouddouch . Aziz Taoufyq . Bahcine Bakiz . Abdeljalil Benlhachemi . Omar Jbara
Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Over the last few years, new advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed to the removal of organic pollutants from waters and wastewaters. The effectiveness of these AOPs as powerful way for the removal of POPs is related to the in situ production of strong oxidative species such as the hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Among the techniques involving AOPs, photo-electrocatalysis (PEC) has come out as a powerful AOP consisting of the combination of both photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes for the objective to retard and/or avoid the fast recombination of the formed electron/hole pairs during the PEC. This can be achieved by the extraction of the photogenerated electrons directed to the cathode when an external bias potential is applied to the photoanode. This general and critical review deals with the application of PEC
to the remediation of organic pollutants from wastewaters (i.e. dyeing effluents) using phosphatebased photoanodes namely BiPO4, Ag3PO4, Cu2(OH) PO4 and others. A detailed description of the PEC power of different photoanode has been discussed. The fundamentals and main applications of photoelectrochemical oxidation are reported. Finally, some critiques are proposed in order to improve and develop new effective photoanodes with perspectives to industrial applications.
E. Amaterz (&) · A. Bouddouch · A. Taoufyq · B. Bakiz · A. Benlhachemi Laboratoire Mate´riaux et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, cite´ Dakhla, Agadir, Morocco e-mail: [email protected] E. Amaterz · A. Tara · O. Jbara Institut de Thermique Me´canique, Mate´riaux (ITheMM), Universite´ de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France A. Bouddouch Institut Mate´riaux Microe´lectronique et Nanosciences de Provence, CNRS, IM2NP, Aix Marseille Univ, Universite´ de Toulon, Toulon, France
123
Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol
Graphic abstract
Keywords Advanced oxidation processes · Photo-electrocatalysis · Phosphate-based materials · Organic pollutants · Hydroxyl radicals
1 Introduction The rapid increase in the world’s population has led to a growing demand for energy and environment destruction because of the considerable amounts of colored wastewater being discharged into the environment from different industries such as textiles, paper, food, and pharmaceutical plastics (Robinson et al. 2001; Verma et al. 2012; Collivignarelli et al. 2019). The presence of dyes in wastewaters (even in very small amounts) is undesirable due to their dangerous impact and hazardous effects to the human health and other living species as they affect the food chain and the aquatic life (Anfar et al. 2019). Dyes hinder
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