Green transamidation catalysed by graphene oxide under concentrated solar irradiation
- PDF / 572,909 Bytes
- 5 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 83 Downloads / 230 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Green transamidation catalysed by graphene oxide under concentrated solar irradiation Khushbu P. Patel1 · Sujit S. Kamble1 · Deepak R. Boraste1 · Ganapati S. Shankarling1 Received: 28 November 2019 / Accepted: 7 June 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The amide linkage is a backbone of many organic molecules such as peptides, natural products, pharmaceutical agents, ligands and catalysts. Green synthesis of amides is a major challenge in the context of sustainable development. Here we designed transamidation catalysed by graphene oxide under concentrated solar radiation of various aromatic, aliphatic amides with amines under solvent-free conditions, in 52–98% yield. During the reaction, oxygenated groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and epoxy provide acidity to the graphene oxide catalyst. Concentrated solar irradiation is more efficient than conventional methods in terms of reaction time and energy consumption, with about 90% energy saved. Keywords Metal-free carbocatalyst · Concentrated solar radiation · Energy efficient · Graphene oxide · Transamidation · Carboxamide · Phthalimide · Amine · Solid acid catalyst · Solvent-free reaction conditions
Introduction Recently green chemistry has received considerable attention and its fruitful applications have led us to the development of environment-friendly and sustainable approaches for the synthesis of several target molecules. (Mekheimer et al. 2008) For several chemical transformations, the consumption of energy for heating is a major adverse effect on the environment. To overcome the problems associated with this, it is important to develop energy-efficient methods that use different sources to facilitate faster chemical transformations. (Ali and Khan 2017) In this context, the use of a nonconventional energy source like solar radiations for heating the reaction mixture can control the direct conversion of electricity into heat, (Weinstein et al. 2015) thus reducing the total energy consumption, allowing concentrated solar radiation catalysed organic reactions as a fast-growing area in the field of organic synthesis. (Tan et al. 2012) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01034-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ganapati S. Shankarling [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
Concentrated solar radiation causes a large reduction in reaction times, providing high to excellent yields, cheaper and available freely worldwide, which are complementary to green chemistry. Solar radiation has been used for many photochemical transformations like cycloadditions, (Gilbert and Heath 1987) Paterno-Buchi reaction, (Pohlmann et al. 1997) Diels–Alder reactions, (Amin et al. 2015) benzylic bromination, (Deshpande et al. 2015), oxidation of benzyl alcohols using task-specific ionic liquids, (G
Data Loading...
