Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Dye in Semi-Pilot Scale Prototype Solar Photoreactor: Optimization and Modeling
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Dye in Semi‑Pilot Scale Prototype Solar Photoreactor: Optimization and Modeling Using ANN and RSM Based on Box–Wilson Approach Mohammed Berkani1 · Mohammed Kheireddine Bouchareb2 · Mohammed Bouhelassa2 · Yassine Kadmi3,4
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Photodegradation of an industrial Azo dye C.I Basic Red 46, was examined in a semi-pilot scale prototype solar photoreactor under solar radiation. In our study, photodegradation of the dye was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Wilson approach. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to establish suitable modeling and optimal conditions for the Solar UV/Immobilized-TiO2 process in order to evaluate the individual effects of three factors that independently affect the effectiveness of the photodegradation process: (1) initial concentration of the dye, (2) pH, and (3) flow rate. The RSM was in good agreement with the prediction model (R2Dec = 0.95); meanwhile, the ANN approach revealed that the predicated model fit perfectly with the experimental data to yield the highest value of R 2 = 0.999. The effects of these three factors could be estimated from a second-order polynomial equation, and the optimal parameters of photodegradation consisted of three main parameters: (1) initial concentration of colorant 10.65 mg.L−1, (2) pH 10.82, and (3) rate of fluid flow of 852 L h−1. The decolorization removal efficiency under these optimal conditions was 99%. Keywords Photocatalysis · Azo dye · Optimization · Response surface methodology · Artificial neural network · central composite design
1 Introduction Organic dyes are widely used in various industries and generate around one trillion dollars, contribute to 7% of the total world exports. Organic dye industries, such those involving textiles, pharmaceuticals, colors, papers, cosmetics, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01320-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohammed Berkani [email protected] 1
Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66, 25100 Constantine, Algeria
2
Laboratoire D’Ingénierie Des Procédés de L’Environnement, Faculté Génie Des procédés, Université de Constantine 3, Route Ain el bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
3
LASIRE CNRS UMR 8516, Sciences et Technologies, Université Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
4
IUT de Béthune, Université d’Artois, 62400 Béthune, France
photography, and food, employ around 35 million workers worldwide [1]. More than 0.7 million tons of organic synthetic dyes are produced annually worldwide. In addition, over 10,000 different dyes and pigments are applied in these industries [2]. The Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA) has classified the azo-dye as a suspected human carcinogen and has suggested a maximum of 3
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